Clostridium Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Most clostridia have low invasive capacity

True

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Spores of clostridia are generally very resistant against heat

True

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The habitat of clostridia is the gut and the soil

True

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Clostridia are obligate aerobic bacteria

False

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Clostridium perfringens is an obligate pathogenic bacterium

False

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Clostridium perfringens can produce main and auxillary toxins

True

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Extracellular enzymes and toxins are virulence factors of clostridia

True

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There are no vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by clostridia

False

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Clostridium is anaerobe spore forming bacteria

True

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Clostridium bacteria is not in the environment, because it cannot tolerate oxygen

False

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Clostridium spreads usually rapid in a herd

False

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Clostridium spread mostly with insecticides

False

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Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole

True

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Clostridium difficile is seen in foal and piglets

True

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Many Clostridium species have flagella

False

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Clostridium species are only found in the subtropics

False

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Clostridium can cause severe contagious diseases

False

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Clostridium are obligate pathogens

False

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Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema

True

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Cl. chauvoei is the agent of malignant oedema

False

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Lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the large muscles

True

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Malignant oedema is generally endogenous in cattle

False

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Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of wound infection

True

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Movement difficulties are frequently seen in the case of malignant oedema

True

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Clostridium novyi can cause malignant oedema

True

Malignant oedema can be diagnosed based on clinical signs

False

Malignant oedema is caused due to wound infection

True

Malignant oedema is only in ruminants

False

Malignant oedema, one of the clinical signs is lameness/movement problems

True

Malignant oedema, attenuated vaccine for prevention

False

Clostridium channel is the agent of malignant oedema

False

Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of a wound infection

True

Clostridium septicum is an agent of malignant oedema

True

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema

False

Clostridium histolyticum can cause malignant oedema

True

Agents of malignant oedema can be detected by bacterium culture

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of malignant oedema

False

Malignant oedema occurs in ruminants and pigs

True

Malignant oedema is an acute fatal disease

True

Malignant oedema can be treated with antibiotics

False

Malignant oedema can occur in any warm-blooded animal

True

Once an area is infected with gas gangrene re-occurrence is common

True

Malignant oedema cannot occur in swine

False

Malignant oedema usually develop following an endogenous infection

False

Malignant oedema is well treated with long-term antibiotics therapy

False

Malignant oedema can be treated with polymyxin

False

Malignant oedema can be well treated with antibiotics over a long period

False

Is gas gangrene (malignant oedema) a regional illness

False

The lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the lungs

False

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Lesions of blackleg are mainly seen on the claws

False

Lameness is a clinical sign of blackleg

True

Blackleg is a frequent disease in pigs

False

Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

True

Blackleg occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries

False

Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Blackleg generally occurs in endemic form

True

Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs

False

Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs

False

Blackleg is a gas gangrene disease

True

Blackleg is generally endogenous in sheep

False

Blackleg is generally endogenous in cattle

True

Movement disorders and lameness can be clinical signs of Blackleg

True

Clostridium chauvoei can produce acids and gas from carbohydrates

True

Blackleg occurs mainly in ruminants

True

Oedema is a typical clinical sign of blackleg

True

Live vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Blackleg infects ovine through wounds

True

In Blackleg disease we use attenuated vaccine

False

In the case of sheep, blackleg is generally consequence of a wound infection

True

Oedema in the muscles is a typical clinical sign of blackleg

True

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

True

Severe diarrhoea is the main clinical sign of blackleg

False

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Blackleg occurs in cattle and sheep

True

If antibiotics are applied after appearance of the clinical signs of blackleg, treatment is generally successful

False

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

False

Blackleg disease occurs only in ruminants

False

Blackleg can usually be treated with antibiotics successfully

False

Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 6 months-3 years old

False

The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei occurs mainly in cattle and sheep

True

The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei is primarily the result of endogenous infection in cattle

True

Blackleg has four toxins

True

Blackleg can be prevented by using vaccine

True

We use neomycin and polymyxin to treat disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei

False

Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 2 months-2 years old

True

Blackleg in bovine is caused by wound infections

False

Classical swine fever is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot

False

Oedema in the wall of the abomasum and duodenum are postmortem lesions of bradsot

True

Bradsot is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

False

Bradsot occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical countries

False

Soil contaminated frozen feed is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot

True

Frozen food is a predisposing factor of bradsot

True

Bradsot occurs mainly late autumn and winter

True

Overeating can predispose the animals to bradsot

False

Thickening of and oedema in the stomach wall are typical lesions of bradsot

True

Aminoglycosides are successfully used for treatment in the case of bradsot

False

Bradsot is mainly seen in late autumn and winter

True

Bradsot is caused by Clostridium septicum

True

Severe pneumonia is a typical clinical sign of bradsot

False

Bradsot has a very fast course

True

Bradsot occurs only in suckling lambs

False

Bradsot is typically a chronic disease

False

Bradsot is common in the summer out on the pasture

False

Bradsot is an acute disease resulting in sudden death in many cases

True

We can use anaculture strain vaccine against Bradsot

True

Bradsot causes oedema of the legs and necrosis

False

Post mortem lesions of bradsot can be seen in the stomach (rennet)

True

Köves disease is an indicator disease

True

CSF is a predisposing factor of koves disease

True

Köves disease can be seen in pigs

True

Köves disease is caused by Clostridium chavoei

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in pigs

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be prevented by using anatoxin vaccines

True

Liver fluke can predispose animals to infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

In sheep, Clostridium septicum causes necrotic liver infection

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis causes inflammation and necrotic nodules in the liver

True

There is no vaccine to prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in suckling lambs

False

Parasite infection is a frequent predisposing effect of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of infectious necrotic hepatitis

True

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi

True

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is spread by tick

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi type B

True

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is found worldwide

True

Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be transmitted by liver flukes

False

Infectious necrotic hepatitis occurs mostly in young sheep

False?

There is intravascular haemolysis in the case of bacillary haemoglobinuria

True

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium haemolyticum

True

There are no vaccines for the prevention of bacillary hemoglobinuria

False

Phospholipase C is a virulence factor of the agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

True

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is mainly seen in cattle

True

Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium septicum

False

Jaundice and anaemia are important clinical signs of bacillary hemoglobinuria

True

Red urine is a typical clinical sign of bacillary hemoglobinuria

True

Bacillary hemoglobinuria is a slow, chronic disease

False

Bacillary hemoglobinuria can frequently be seen in horses

False

Clostridium novyi is the causative agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

False

Bacillary hemoglobinuria causes severe haemorrhages

True

Bacillary hemoglobinuria are caused by infection from the soil

True

Lamb dysentery occurs in a week old animal

True

Isolation of the agent from the gut gives aetiologic diagnosis of lamb dysentery

False

Isolation of Cl. perfringens from the gut confirms the diagnosis of lamb dysentery

False

Lesions of lamb dysentery are generally seen in the large intestine

False

Lesions of lamb dysentery can be seen in the small intestine

True

Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium perfringens B

True

Lambs have to be vaccinated with anatoxin vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

False

Lambs have to be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

False

Pregnant ewes have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery

True

Haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a clinical sign of lamb dysentery

True

Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs around weaning

False

Lamb dysentery is found in 3-4-week-old lambs

False

Pathological lesions of Lamb dysentery starts in the colon

False

We can culture the pathogen of Lamb dysentery from the intestines

True

Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium dysenteriae

False

Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs after weaning

False

There is no vaccine for the prevention of lamb dysentery

False

Lamb dysentery occurs in 2-6 weeks old lambs

False

For diagnosis of lamb dysentery, the pathogen should be cultured from the intestine

True

Pathological symptoms of lamb dysentery can be found in the large intestines

False

Lamb dysentery can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes

True

Lamb dysentery can be successfully treated with penicillin when clinical signs appear

False

Lamb dysentery occurs in a week-old animal

True

Lamb dysentery can be diagnosed by culturing the bacteria

True

Newborn lambs have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery

False

Toxoid vaccines can be used in the prevention of the disease

True

Infection of lamb by secretion in the milk

False

Lamb dysentery occurs in 1-2 weeks old lambs

True

Struck is caused by Clostridium perfringens C.

True

Overeating is a predisposing factor of struck

True

Struck can be seen mainly in lambs younger than 2 weeks

False

Struck is an acute disease in horses.

False

Struck is a zoonotic disease

False

Struck is a slow disease of older sheep

False

Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact

False

Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact

False

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life

True

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life

True

The lesions of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen typically in the large intestine

False

Maternal protection is important in the case of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

True

There is no vaccination for the prevention of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

False

Pig enterotoxaemia can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows

True

Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens C

True

Pigs showing clinical signs of enterotoxaemia have to be treated with antibiotics immediately

False

Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the small intestine

True

Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the large intestine

False

Pig enterotoxaemia is more frequent in the litter of young than old sows

True

Clostridium Enterotoxaemia of Piglets occurs in 2-4 days old piglets

True

Pig enterotoxaemia can be generally seen in weaned piglets

False

Necrosis of gut epithelium is a postmortem lesion of pig enterotoxaemia

True

Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is caused by C. perfringens

True

Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is more frequent in the case of first farrowing Sows

True

Clostridium perfringens C causes infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

True

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in piglets after weaning

False

The lesions of infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen generally in the small intestine

True

Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows

True

Necrotic enteritis of piglets is seen in piglets around weaning

False

Necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccination the sow with anatoxin

True

Pig enterotoxaemia has to be diagnosed by detecting antibodies in the piglets

False

Pig enterotoxaemia causes abdominal contractions in sows

False

Mesenteric lymph node is congested in case of pig enterotoxaemia

False

Clostridium enterotoxaemia can be cultured from mesenteric lymph nodes or gut

True

Enteritis in piglets are caused by Clostridium perfringens D

False

Enteritis in piglets can be avoided by anatoxin vaccination

True

Enteritis in piglets cannot be diagnosed by post-mortem, only by bacteriology.

False

Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by β-toxin production in 1st week of life

True

Pig enterotoxaemia can cause a high mortality

True

Necrotic enteritis of piglets cannot be diagnosed by isolating the agent from the gut

False

Enterotoxaemia is mainly seen in piglets after weaning

False

Pig enterotoxaemia is not present in Europe

False

Pig enterotoxaemia cannot be prevented by using vaccines.

False

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D

True

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D

True

Overeating is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease

True

The toxin of the agent of pulpy kidney disease is sensitive to trypsin

False

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perfringens D

True

Pulpy Kidney Diseases is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

False

Pulpy kidney disease generally occurs in 1-2week old lambs

False

Pulpy kidney disease can occur at any age

False

Pulpy kidney disease of suckling lambs can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes

False

Sudden change the diet is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease

True

The toxin damages the endothelial cells in the case of pulpy kidney disease

True

Neurological signs are typical in the case of pulpy kidney disease

True

Isolation of the agent is necessary to the diagnosis of pulpy kidney disease

False

Pulpy kidney disease is typically seen in lambs below 2 weeks of age

False

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of pulpy kidney disease

True

Pulpy kidney disease is seen in piglets in the first week of life

False

Pulpy kidney disease is a worldwide common disease

True

Enterotoxaemia of sheep is also called pulpy kidney disease

True

Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perfringens D

True

Cattle are not susceptible to this disease

True

Vaccination are possible against pulpy kidney disease

True

Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

True

Ulcerative enteritis of chicken is caused by Clostridium colinum

True

Ulcerative enteritis is frequently seen in day old chicken

False

Ulcers sometimes covered with pseudomembranes are frequent post mortem lesions of ulcerative enteritis of chicken

True

Ulcerative enteritis can occur in 4-12-week-old chickens

True

Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

False

Ulcerative enteritis of poultry is generally prevented with vaccination

False

Lesions of ulcerative enteritis are mostly seen in the small intestines

False

Ulcerative enteritis is a common disease in large scale farms

True

Prevention of coccidiosis can help lower the incidence of ulcerative enteritis

True

Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of necrotic enteritis of chicken

True

Foamy, brownish-red faeces is a clinical sign of necrotic enteritis of chicken

True

Lesions of necrotic enteritis of chicken are typically occur in the large intestine

False

Day-old chickens are widely vaccinated in order to prevent of necrotic enteritis

False

Necrotic enteritis mostly occurs in chicken

True

Waterfowl are not susceptible to necrotic enteritis

False

Necrotic enteritis occurs in 1-3 weeks of age

False

Tyzzer’s disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme

True

Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens A

True

Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by obligate pathogens

False

Gangrenous dermatitis causes muscle oedema

True

Vaccines are the primary way of prevention of gangrenous dermatitis

False

Flaccid paralysis is a frequent clinical sign of tetanus

False

The agent of tetanus is strictly anaerobic

True

The agent of tetanus can enter the host through wounds

True

Tetanus is only seen in horse

False

Over-eating can predispose animals to Tetanus

False

The agent of Tetanus needs oxygen to replicate

False

Anatoxin vaccines are available for the prevention of tetanus

True

Haemorrhages under the serous membranes and enlargement of parenchymal organs are typical postmortem lesions of tetanus

False

Spasms are typical clinical signs of tetanus

True

Tetanus is a zoonosis

False

Toxoid vaccines can be used for the prevention of tetanus

True

Dogs are resistant to tetanus

False

The clinical signs of tetanus are inducible

True

Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin

True

For tetanus we use vaccines which contain toxoid

True

Tetanus cannot be prevented with vaccination

False

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani

True

The agent of tetanus causes septicaemia

False

Tetanus can be diagnosed on the basis of post mortem lesions

False

Clostridium tetani produced endotoxin

False

C. tetani needs anaerobic conditions for propagation

True

Dogs are susceptible to tetanus

True

Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria

False

Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria

False

Tetanus can cause spasms

True

Horses are resistant to tetanus

False

Tetanus can only develop after deep wounds

False

Wounds can predispose to tetanus

True

The paralysis usually starts at the place of the wound

False

Clostridium tetani toxin is produced in the feed

False

Horses are most sensitive to tetanus

True

Tetanus can be prevented by anatoxin vaccination

True

Tetanus causes rigid paralysis

True

There is no vaccine for tetanus

False

Dogs have high resistance to tetanus

True

Clostridium tetani produces neurotoxins

True

The toxin of clostridium botulinum causes flaccid paralysis

True

Clostridium botulinum generally causes wound infection

False

Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of Botulism

False

The toxin of Clostridium botulinum has irreversible effect

True

Botulism can be seen as a result of a wound infection

False

Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism

True

Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism

True

Birds are resistant to botulism

False

Necrotic foci in the liver are typical post mortem lesions of botulism

False

Generally wounds predispose animals to botulism

False

The agent of botulism generally produces toxin at the site of entry

False

Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of the typical post mortem lesions

False

Clostridium botulinum can produce toxins outside the hosts

True

No characteristic post mortem lesions can be seen in the case of botulism

True

Botulism doesn’t occur in Europe

False

Clostridium botulinum cannot tolerate air at all

True

Botulism usually develops following a wound infection

False

Clostridium botulinum propagates in rotten materials

True

In Hungary, botulism is seen most commonly in birds

True

Clostridium botulinum spores are extremely resistant to heat

True

In Hungary, botulism occurs in winter and early spring

False

Botulism is eradicated in Europe

False

Clostridium botulinum can produce toxin, some of which are activated by proteases

True

Botulism is seen mainly during summer.

True

Spasms are the typical clinical sign of botulism

False

Paralysis is the main sign of botulism

True

Toxins of botulism are produced generally in the food

True

Botulism happen generally through wound infection

False

Animals are mostly sensitive to C and D types of Clostridium botulinum

True