Clostridium Flashcards
Most clostridia have low invasive capacity
True
Spores of clostridia are generally very resistant against heat
True
The habitat of clostridia is the gut and the soil
True
Clostridia are obligate aerobic bacteria
False
Clostridium perfringens is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
False
Clostridium perfringens can produce main and auxillary toxins
True
Extracellular enzymes and toxins are virulence factors of clostridia
True
There are no vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by clostridia
False
Clostridium is anaerobe spore forming bacteria
True
Clostridium bacteria is not in the environment, because it cannot tolerate oxygen
False
Clostridium spreads usually rapid in a herd
False
Clostridium spread mostly with insecticides
False
Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole
True
Clostridium difficile is seen in foal and piglets
True
Many Clostridium species have flagella
False
Clostridium species are only found in the subtropics
False
Clostridium can cause severe contagious diseases
False
Clostridium are obligate pathogens
False
Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema
True
Cl. chauvoei is the agent of malignant oedema
False
Lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the large muscles
True
Malignant oedema is generally endogenous in cattle
False
Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of wound infection
True
Movement difficulties are frequently seen in the case of malignant oedema
True
Clostridium novyi can cause malignant oedema
True
Malignant oedema can be diagnosed based on clinical signs
False
Malignant oedema is caused due to wound infection
True
Malignant oedema is only in ruminants
False
Malignant oedema, one of the clinical signs is lameness/movement problems
True
Malignant oedema, attenuated vaccine for prevention
False
Clostridium channel is the agent of malignant oedema
False
Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of a wound infection
True
Clostridium septicum is an agent of malignant oedema
True
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema
False
Clostridium histolyticum can cause malignant oedema
True
Agents of malignant oedema can be detected by bacterium culture
True
There are no vaccines for the prevention of malignant oedema
False
Malignant oedema occurs in ruminants and pigs
True
Malignant oedema is an acute fatal disease
True
Malignant oedema can be treated with antibiotics
False
Malignant oedema can occur in any warm-blooded animal
True
Once an area is infected with gas gangrene re-occurrence is common
True
Malignant oedema cannot occur in swine
False
Malignant oedema usually develop following an endogenous infection
False
Malignant oedema is well treated with long-term antibiotics therapy
False
Malignant oedema can be treated with polymyxin
False
Malignant oedema can be well treated with antibiotics over a long period
False
Is gas gangrene (malignant oedema) a regional illness
False
The lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the lungs
False
Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum
False
Lesions of blackleg are mainly seen on the claws
False
Lameness is a clinical sign of blackleg
True
Blackleg is a frequent disease in pigs
False
Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
False
Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
True
Blackleg occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
False
Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
False
Blackleg generally occurs in endemic form
True
Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs
False
Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs
False
Blackleg is a gas gangrene disease
True
Blackleg is generally endogenous in sheep
False
Blackleg is generally endogenous in cattle
True
Movement disorders and lameness can be clinical signs of Blackleg
True
Clostridium chauvoei can produce acids and gas from carbohydrates
True
Blackleg occurs mainly in ruminants
True
Oedema is a typical clinical sign of blackleg
True
Live vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
False
Blackleg infects ovine through wounds
True
In Blackleg disease we use attenuated vaccine
False
In the case of sheep, blackleg is generally consequence of a wound infection
True
Oedema in the muscles is a typical clinical sign of blackleg
True
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
False
Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei
True
Severe diarrhoea is the main clinical sign of blackleg
False
Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum
False
Blackleg occurs in cattle and sheep
True
If antibiotics are applied after appearance of the clinical signs of blackleg, treatment is
generally successful
False
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
False
Blackleg disease occurs only in ruminants
False
Blackleg can usually be treated with antibiotics successfully
False
Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 6 months-3 years old
False
The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei occurs mainly in cattle and sheep
True
The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei is primarily the result of endogenous infection
in cattle
True
Blackleg has four toxins
True
Blackleg can be prevented by using vaccine
True
We use neomycin and polymyxin to treat disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei
False
Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 2 months-2 years old
True
Blackleg in bovine is caused by wound infections
False
Classical swine fever is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot
False
Oedema in the wall of the abomasum and duodenum are postmortem lesions of bradsot
True
Bradsot is caused by Clostridium chauvoei
False
Bradsot occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical countries
False
Soil contaminated frozen feed is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot
True
Frozen food is a predisposing factor of bradsot
True
Bradsot occurs mainly late autumn and winter
True
Overeating can predispose the animals to bradsot
False
Thickening of and oedema in the stomach wall are typical lesions of bradsot
True
Aminoglycosides are successfully used for treatment in the case of bradsot
False
Bradsot is mainly seen in late autumn and winter
True
Bradsot is caused by Clostridium septicum
True
Severe pneumonia is a typical clinical sign of bradsot
False
Bradsot has a very fast course
True
Bradsot occurs only in suckling lambs
False
Bradsot is typically a chronic disease
False
Bradsot is common in the summer out on the pasture
False
Bradsot is an acute disease resulting in sudden death in many cases
True
We can use anaculture strain vaccine against Bradsot
True
Bradsot causes oedema of the legs and necrosis
False
Post mortem lesions of bradsot can be seen in the stomach (rennet)
True
Köves disease is an indicator disease
True
CSF is a predisposing factor of koves disease
True
Köves disease can be seen in pigs
True
Köves disease is caused by Clostridium chavoei
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in pigs
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be prevented by using anatoxin vaccines
True
Liver fluke can predispose animals to infectious necrotic hepatitis
True
In sheep, Clostridium septicum causes necrotic liver infection
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis causes inflammation and necrotic nodules in the liver
True
There is no vaccine to prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in suckling lambs
False
Parasite infection is a frequent predisposing effect of infectious necrotic hepatitis
True
Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis
True
Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of infectious necrotic hepatitis
True
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi
True
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is spread by tick
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi type B
True
Infectious necrotic hepatitis is found worldwide
True
Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be transmitted by liver flukes
False
Infectious necrotic hepatitis occurs mostly in young sheep
False?
There is intravascular haemolysis in the case of bacillary haemoglobinuria
True
Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium haemolyticum
True
There are no vaccines for the prevention of bacillary hemoglobinuria
False
Phospholipase C is a virulence factor of the agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria
True
Bacillary haemoglobinuria is mainly seen in cattle
True
Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium septicum
False
Jaundice and anaemia are important clinical signs of bacillary hemoglobinuria
True
Red urine is a typical clinical sign of bacillary hemoglobinuria
True
Bacillary hemoglobinuria is a slow, chronic disease
False
Bacillary hemoglobinuria can frequently be seen in horses
False
Clostridium novyi is the causative agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria
False
Bacillary hemoglobinuria causes severe haemorrhages
True
Bacillary hemoglobinuria are caused by infection from the soil
True
Lamb dysentery occurs in a week old animal
True
Isolation of the agent from the gut gives aetiologic diagnosis of lamb dysentery
False
Isolation of Cl. perfringens from the gut confirms the diagnosis of lamb dysentery
False
Lesions of lamb dysentery are generally seen in the large intestine
False
Lesions of lamb dysentery can be seen in the small intestine
True
Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium perfringens B
True
Lambs have to be vaccinated with anatoxin vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery
False
Lambs have to be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery
False
Pregnant ewes have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery
True
Haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a clinical sign of lamb dysentery
True
Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs around weaning
False
Lamb dysentery is found in 3-4-week-old lambs
False
Pathological lesions of Lamb dysentery starts in the colon
False
We can culture the pathogen of Lamb dysentery from the intestines
True
Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium dysenteriae
False
Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs after weaning
False
There is no vaccine for the prevention of lamb dysentery
False
Lamb dysentery occurs in 2-6 weeks old lambs
False
For diagnosis of lamb dysentery, the pathogen should be cultured from the intestine
True
Pathological symptoms of lamb dysentery can be found in the large intestines
False
Lamb dysentery can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes
True
Lamb dysentery can be successfully treated with penicillin when clinical signs appear
False
Lamb dysentery occurs in a week-old animal
True
Lamb dysentery can be diagnosed by culturing the bacteria
True
Newborn lambs have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery
False
Toxoid vaccines can be used in the prevention of the disease
True
Infection of lamb by secretion in the milk
False
Lamb dysentery occurs in 1-2 weeks old lambs
True
Struck is caused by Clostridium perfringens C.
True
Overeating is a predisposing factor of struck
True
Struck can be seen mainly in lambs younger than 2 weeks
False
Struck is an acute disease in horses.
False
Struck is a zoonotic disease
False
Struck is a slow disease of older sheep
False
Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact
False
Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact
False
Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life
True
Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life
True
The lesions of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen typically in the large
intestine
False
Maternal protection is important in the case of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets
True
There is no vaccination for the prevention of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets
False
Pig enterotoxaemia can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows
True
Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens C
True
Pigs showing clinical signs of enterotoxaemia have to be treated with antibiotics
immediately
False
Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the small intestine
True
Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the large intestine
False
Pig enterotoxaemia is more frequent in the litter of young than old sows
True
Clostridium Enterotoxaemia of Piglets occurs in 2-4 days old piglets
True
Pig enterotoxaemia can be generally seen in weaned piglets
False
Necrosis of gut epithelium is a postmortem lesion of pig enterotoxaemia
True
Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is caused by C. perfringens
True
Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is more frequent in the case of first farrowing Sows
True
Clostridium perfringens C causes infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets
True
Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in piglets after weaning
False
The lesions of infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen generally in the small
intestine
True
Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows
True
Necrotic enteritis of piglets is seen in piglets around weaning
False
Necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccination the sow with anatoxin
True
Pig enterotoxaemia has to be diagnosed by detecting antibodies in the piglets
False
Pig enterotoxaemia causes abdominal contractions in sows
False
Mesenteric lymph node is congested in case of pig enterotoxaemia
False
Clostridium enterotoxaemia can be cultured from mesenteric lymph nodes or gut
True
Enteritis in piglets are caused by Clostridium perfringens D
False
Enteritis in piglets can be avoided by anatoxin vaccination
True
Enteritis in piglets cannot be diagnosed by post-mortem, only by bacteriology.
False
Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by β-toxin production in 1st week of life
True
Pig enterotoxaemia can cause a high mortality
True
Necrotic enteritis of piglets cannot be diagnosed by isolating the agent from the gut
False
Enterotoxaemia is mainly seen in piglets after weaning
False
Pig enterotoxaemia is not present in Europe
False
Pig enterotoxaemia cannot be prevented by using vaccines.
False
Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D
True
Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D
True
Overeating is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease
True
The toxin of the agent of pulpy kidney disease is sensitive to trypsin
False
Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perfringens D
True
Pulpy Kidney Diseases is caused by Clostridium chauvoei
False
Pulpy kidney disease generally occurs in 1-2week old lambs
False
Pulpy kidney disease can occur at any age
False
Pulpy kidney disease of suckling lambs can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes
False
Sudden change the diet is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease
True
The toxin damages the endothelial cells in the case of pulpy kidney disease
True
Neurological signs are typical in the case of pulpy kidney disease
True
Isolation of the agent is necessary to the diagnosis of pulpy kidney disease
False
Pulpy kidney disease is typically seen in lambs below 2 weeks of age
False
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of pulpy kidney disease
True
Pulpy kidney disease is seen in piglets in the first week of life
False
Pulpy kidney disease is a worldwide common disease
True
Enterotoxaemia of sheep is also called pulpy kidney disease
True
Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perfringens D
True
Cattle are not susceptible to this disease
True
Vaccination are possible against pulpy kidney disease
True
Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of ulcerative enteritis in poultry
True
Ulcerative enteritis of chicken is caused by Clostridium colinum
True
Ulcerative enteritis is frequently seen in day old chicken
False
Ulcers sometimes covered with pseudomembranes are frequent post mortem lesions of
ulcerative enteritis of chicken
True
Ulcerative enteritis can occur in 4-12-week-old chickens
True
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis in poultry
False
Ulcerative enteritis of poultry is generally prevented with vaccination
False
Lesions of ulcerative enteritis are mostly seen in the small intestines
False
Ulcerative enteritis is a common disease in large scale farms
True
Prevention of coccidiosis can help lower the incidence of ulcerative enteritis
True
Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of necrotic enteritis of chicken
True
Foamy, brownish-red faeces is a clinical sign of necrotic enteritis of chicken
True
Lesions of necrotic enteritis of chicken are typically occur in the large intestine
False
Day-old chickens are widely vaccinated in order to prevent of necrotic enteritis
False
Necrotic enteritis mostly occurs in chicken
True
Waterfowl are not susceptible to necrotic enteritis
False
Necrotic enteritis occurs in 1-3 weeks of age
False
Tyzzer’s disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme
True
Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens A
True
Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by obligate pathogens
False
Gangrenous dermatitis causes muscle oedema
True
Vaccines are the primary way of prevention of gangrenous dermatitis
False
Flaccid paralysis is a frequent clinical sign of tetanus
False
The agent of tetanus is strictly anaerobic
True
The agent of tetanus can enter the host through wounds
True
Tetanus is only seen in horse
False
Over-eating can predispose animals to Tetanus
False
The agent of Tetanus needs oxygen to replicate
False
Anatoxin vaccines are available for the prevention of tetanus
True
Haemorrhages under the serous membranes and enlargement of parenchymal organs are
typical postmortem lesions of tetanus
False
Spasms are typical clinical signs of tetanus
True
Tetanus is a zoonosis
False
Toxoid vaccines can be used for the prevention of tetanus
True
Dogs are resistant to tetanus
False
The clinical signs of tetanus are inducible
True
Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin
True
For tetanus we use vaccines which contain toxoid
True
Tetanus cannot be prevented with vaccination
False
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani
True
The agent of tetanus causes septicaemia
False
Tetanus can be diagnosed on the basis of post mortem lesions
False
Clostridium tetani produced endotoxin
False
C. tetani needs anaerobic conditions for propagation
True
Dogs are susceptible to tetanus
True
Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria
False
Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria
False
Tetanus can cause spasms
True
Horses are resistant to tetanus
False
Tetanus can only develop after deep wounds
False
Wounds can predispose to tetanus
True
The paralysis usually starts at the place of the wound
False
Clostridium tetani toxin is produced in the feed
False
Horses are most sensitive to tetanus
True
Tetanus can be prevented by anatoxin vaccination
True
Tetanus causes rigid paralysis
True
There is no vaccine for tetanus
False
Dogs have high resistance to tetanus
True
Clostridium tetani produces neurotoxins
True
The toxin of clostridium botulinum causes flaccid paralysis
True
Clostridium botulinum generally causes wound infection
False
Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of Botulism
False
The toxin of Clostridium botulinum has irreversible effect
True
Botulism can be seen as a result of a wound infection
False
Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism
True
Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism
True
Birds are resistant to botulism
False
Necrotic foci in the liver are typical post mortem lesions of botulism
False
Generally wounds predispose animals to botulism
False
The agent of botulism generally produces toxin at the site of entry
False
Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of the typical post mortem lesions
False
Clostridium botulinum can produce toxins outside the hosts
True
No characteristic post mortem lesions can be seen in the case of botulism
True
Botulism doesn’t occur in Europe
False
Clostridium botulinum cannot tolerate air at all
True
Botulism usually develops following a wound infection
False
Clostridium botulinum propagates in rotten materials
True
In Hungary, botulism is seen most commonly in birds
True
Clostridium botulinum spores are extremely resistant to heat
True
In Hungary, botulism occurs in winter and early spring
False
Botulism is eradicated in Europe
False
Clostridium botulinum can produce toxin, some of which are activated by proteases
True
Botulism is seen mainly during summer.
True
Spasms are the typical clinical sign of botulism
False
Paralysis is the main sign of botulism
True
Toxins of botulism are produced generally in the food
True
Botulism happen generally through wound infection
False
Animals are mostly sensitive to C and D types of Clostridium botulinum
True
