Safety & Infection

Question 1

What factors affect safety?

Answer 1

Developmental and individual risk factors

Question 2

What are some risk factors for injury?

Answer 2

Lifestyle, cognitive awareness, sensory and perceptual status, poor communication, mobility, physical and emotional well being, safety awareness

Question 3

What are key components of a culture of safety?

Answer 3

Team empowerment, communication, transparency, and accountability

Question 4

What are common hazards to healthcare workers?

Answer 4

Back injuries, needlestick injuries, radiation injury, and violence.

Question 5

What is radiation?

Answer 5

The process of emitting radiant energy in the form of waves or particles

Question 6

What principles should be followed when around radiation?

Answer 6

Time, distance, shielding

Question 7

What is the acronym for safe sleep and what does it stand for?

Answer 7

ABCD-
A-alone in crib
B - on their back
C- clean, clear crib
D- drug-free home

Question 8

What are latent conditions?

Answer 8

So-called accidents waiting to happen

Question 9

What are active failures?

Answer 9

Errors and violations by front-line providers

Question 10

What are the 2024 hospital National patient safety goals?

Answer 10

ID patients correctly, improve communication, use medicines safely, use alarms safely, prevent infection, ID safety risks, improve healthcare equity, prevent mistake in surgery,

Question 11

What is infection?

Answer 11

The invasion of and multiplication in the body by a pathogen

Question 12

Why must we know about infection processes?

Answer 12

to protect patients from infections, meet professional standards and guidelines, protect yourself from disease, help lower the cost of healthcare

Question 13

What are nosocomics infections?

Answer 13

hospital acquired infections.

Question 14

How do infections develop?

Answer 14

chain of infection;
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Question 15

What are the 2 types of normal flora?

Answer 15

Transient and resident

Question 16

What are transient flora?

Answer 16

normal microbes that you acquire by coming in contact with objects or another person

Question 17

what are resident flora?

Answer 17

permanent habitants of the skin

Question 18

What are pathogens?

Answer 18

. Microorganisms capable of causing disease

Question 19

What are the largest groups of pathogens?

Answer 19

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Question 20

What are characteristics of environments supportive to microbes?

Answer 20

Nutrients, moisture, warm, oxygen, pH and electrolytes, darkness

Question 21

What is a resivoir?

Answer 21

A source of infection: a place where pathogens survive and multiply

Question 22

What is a portal of exit?

Answer 22

A way out of a resivoir.
EX. bodily fluids, nonintact skin

Question 23

What are the modes of transmission?

Answer 23

Direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vectors

Question 24

What is a portal of entry?

Answer 24

How pathogens can enter the body- normal body openings, cuts, scrapes, surgical incisions

Question 25

What is a susceptible host?

Answer 25

A person who is at risk for infection

Question 26

What are local infections?

Answer 26

Infections that cause harm in a limited region of the body - such as upper resp tract

Question 27

what are systemic infections?

Answer 27

when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread throughout the body

Question 28

what is bacteremia?

Answer 28

bacteria in the blood

Question 29

What is septicemia?

Answer 29

systemic infection spread via the blood

Question 30

What are exogenous heath-care related infections?

Answer 30

When the pathogen is acquired from the heath-care environment

Question 31

What are endogenous health-care related infections?

Answer 31

When the pathogen arises from the patients normal flora

Question 32

what are acute infections?

Answer 32

Rapid onset but last a short time

Question 33

What are chronic infections?

Answer 33

Develop slowly and last for weeks, months, or years

Question 34

What are latent infections?

Answer 34

Cause no symptoms for long periods of time - HIV /TB

Question 35

What are the stages of infection?

Answer 35

Incubation, prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence

Question 36

What are primary defenses? - what are the primary defenses of the body?

Answer 36

The first line of defense for the human body- the structural barriers. Normal flora Skin Respiratory tree Eyes Mouth GI tract GIGU tract Anus

Question 37

What are the secondary defenses of the body?

Answer 37

immune system responses- Phagocytosis, complement cascade, inflammation, Fever

Question 38

What are tertiary defenses of the body?

Answer 38

Active immunity -antibodies, passive immunity- shots, specific immunity- body learns to recognize and destroy pathogens

Question 39

What is cellular immunity

Answer 39

immune response that acts to destroy pathogens

Question 40

What factors increase host susceptibility?

Answer 40

Developmental stage, breaks in 1st line of defense, illness or injury tobacco use, substance abuse, multiple sex-partners, environmental factors, chronic disease, medications

Question 41

What can nurses work to promote to support host defense?

Answer 41

Nutrition, hygiene, rest and sleep, exercise, stress reduction, immunizations

Question 42

What is disinfecting?

Answer 42

Removal of pathogens on inanimate objects by physical or chemical means

Question 43

What is sterilization?

Answer 43

The elimination of all microorganisms (except prions) in or on an object

Question 44

What are the levels of asepsis?

Answer 44

Sterile technique, modified sterile technique, clean technique

Question 45

What is a fomite?

Answer 45

A contaminated object that transfers a pathogen

Question 46

leading cause of death for Preschoolers, School-aged children, and Adolescents?

Answer 46

MVC

Question 47

How can we prevent falls?

Answer 47

through identification, recognizing physiological changes, medications, and devices

Question 48

What is safety?

Answer 48

minimizing risk of hurt, injury, or loss

Question 49

what are standard precautions?

Answer 49

the minimum infection prevention and control practices that must be used at all times for all patients in all situations