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Nursing 1 > Safety & Infection > Flashcards

Safety & Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors affect safety?

A

Developmental and individual risk factors

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2
Q

What are some risk factors for injury?

A

Lifestyle, cognitive awareness, sensory and perceptual status, poor communication, mobility, physical and emotional well being, safety awareness

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3
Q

What are key components of a culture of safety?

A

Team empowerment, communication, transparency, and accountability

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4
Q

What are common hazards to healthcare workers?

A

Back injuries, needlestick injuries, radiation injury, and violence.

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5
Q

What is radiation?

A

The process of emitting radiant energy in the form of waves or particles

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6
Q

What principles should be followed when around radiation?

A

Time, distance, shielding

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7
Q

What is the acronym for safe sleep and what does it stand for?

A

ABCD-
A-alone in crib
B - on their back
C- clean, clear crib
D- drug-free home

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8
Q

What are latent conditions?

A

So-called accidents waiting to happen

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9
Q

What are active failures?

A

Errors and violations by front-line providers

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10
Q

What are the 2024 hospital National patient safety goals?

A

ID patients correctly, improve communication, use medicines safely, use alarms safely, prevent infection, ID safety risks, improve healthcare equity, prevent mistake in surgery,

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11
Q

What is infection?

A

The invasion of and multiplication in the body by a pathogen

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12
Q

Why must we know about infection processes?

A

to protect patients from infections, meet professional standards and guidelines, protect yourself from disease, help lower the cost of healthcare

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13
Q

What are nosocomics infections?

A

hospital acquired infections.

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14
Q

How do infections develop?

A

chain of infection;
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of normal flora?

A

Transient and resident

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16
Q

What are transient flora?

A

normal microbes that you acquire by coming in contact with objects or another person

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17
Q

what are resident flora?

A

permanent habitants of the skin

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18
Q

What are pathogens?

A

. Microorganisms capable of causing disease

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19
Q

What are the largest groups of pathogens?

A

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi

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20
Q

What are characteristics of environments supportive to microbes?

A

Nutrients, moisture, warm, oxygen, pH and electrolytes, darkness

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21
Q

What is a resivoir?

A

A source of infection: a place where pathogens survive and multiply

22
Q

What is a portal of exit?

A

A way out of a resivoir.
EX. bodily fluids, nonintact skin

23
Q

What are the modes of transmission?

A

Direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vectors

24
Q

What is a portal of entry?

A

How pathogens can enter the body- normal body openings, cuts, scrapes, surgical incisions

25
Q

What is a susceptible host?

A

A person who is at risk for infection

26
Q

What are local infections?

A

Infections that cause harm in a limited region of the body - such as upper resp tract

27
Q

what are systemic infections?

A

when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread throughout the body

28
Q

what is bacteremia?

A

bacteria in the blood

29
Q

What is septicemia?

A

systemic infection spread via the blood

30
Q

What are exogenous heath-care related infections?

A

When the pathogen is acquired from the heath-care environment

31
Q

What are endogenous health-care related infections?

A

When the pathogen arises from the patients normal flora

32
Q

what are acute infections?

A

Rapid onset but last a short time

33
Q

What are chronic infections?

A

Develop slowly and last for weeks, months, or years

34
Q

What are latent infections?

A

Cause no symptoms for long periods of time - HIV /TB

35
Q

What are the stages of infection?

A

Incubation, prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence

36
Q

What are primary defenses? - what are the primary defenses of the body?

A

The first line of defense for the human body- the structural barriers.

Normal flora
Skin
Respiratory tree
Eyes
Mouth
GI tract
GIGU tract
Anus

37
Q

What are the secondary defenses of the body?

A

immune system responses- Phagocytosis, complement cascade, inflammation, Fever

38
Q

What are tertiary defenses of the body?

A

Active immunity -antibodies,
passive immunity- shots, specific immunity- body learns to recognize and destroy pathogens

39
Q

What is cellular immunity

A

immune response that acts to destroy pathogens

40
Q

What factors increase host susceptibility?

A

Developmental stage, breaks in 1st line of defense, illness or injury tobacco use, substance abuse, multiple sex-partners, environmental factors, chronic disease, medications

41
Q

What can nurses work to promote to support host defense?

A

Nutrition, hygiene, rest and sleep, exercise, stress reduction, immunizations

42
Q

What is disinfecting?

A

Removal of pathogens on inanimate objects by physical or chemical means

43
Q

What is sterilization?

A

The elimination of all microorganisms (except prions) in or on an object

44
Q

What are the levels of asepsis?

A

Sterile technique, modified sterile technique, clean technique

45
Q

What is a fomite?

A

A contaminated object that transfers a pathogen

46
Q

leading cause of death for Preschoolers, School-aged children, and Adolescents?

A

MVC

47
Q

How can we prevent falls?

A

through identification, recognizing physiological changes, medications, and devices

48
Q

What is safety?

A

minimizing risk of hurt, injury, or loss

49
Q

what are standard precautions?

A

the minimum infection prevention and control practices that must be used at all times for all patients in all situations

50
Q
A

Nursing 1 (20 decks)

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