Medication Administration Flashcards
areas the nurse needs to assess to determine the need for and potential response to medication therapy
-6 rights
-history
-history of allergies
-medication data
-diet history
-patient’s perceptual coordination problems
-patients current condition
-patients attitude about medication use
-patient’s knowledge and understanding of medication therapy
-patient’s learning needs
what are the 6 rights?
client- 2 ID’s
route
drug
dose
time
documentation- no doc didn’t happen
PDDRTD- patient do drugs round the day
what is an antipyretic
fever reducer
what if a med is thought to be incorrect
ask provider, pharmacy
what is the nurses role in med admin
assessment b4 & after, med history, exam, manage side effects, education, administration, compliance with orders
what are the routes of admin
PO, SL, Buccal, topical, resp inhalant, SQ, IM, ID, irrigations/instillations
Types of oral meds
capsule, pill, tablet, time-release, elixir, extract, fluid extract, spirits, syrup, tincture, powder, solution, suspension
what are side effects?
unintended & predictable
what are adverse reactions?
harmful
unintended
not predicted
often need to be discontinued
life threatening
client states they do not recognize the pills you gave them. what do you do?
double check info
What are instillations
eye drops/ointments, ear drops, nasal sprays
What are kinds of parenteral injections?
ID, SQ, IM, IV
sites for injections
deltoid, vastus laterals, rectus femoris, ventrogluteal, Dorsogluteal (not recommended)
what angle for IM injection?
90
what angle for SQ injection?
90 or 45
what angle for ID injection?
15
How do you admin ID meds?
- Forearms or upper back
- Spread skin taut
- Max 0.1 mL dose (1 mL syringe)
- 26 – 28 gauge needle
- 3/8 inch needle
- 5 - 15° angle, bevel up
- Inject slowly
What are SQ sites?
anterior thigh, no more than 2 inches to belly button, biceps, triceps, lats
where to admin IM in delt?
2-3 fingerbreadths below acromion process
where to admin IM in ventrogluteal?
Between anterior superior iliac spine, and iliac crest.
where to admin IM in rectus femoris?
Anteromedial thigh
Adults only, for when can’t get to other sites
where to admin IM in vastus lateralis?
Midlateral thigh
Preferred site for infants
form of the medication determines its
route of administration
absorption is
passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration
therapeutic effect
expected or predictable physiological response to a medication
idiosyncratic effect
unpredictable effects in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction that is different from normal
angle of insertion for an intramuscular injection
length depends on subcutaneous tissue depth
1/2 inch-1.5 adult
5/8 for pedi
90 degree angle
angles that should be used when administering a subcutaneous injection, and needle size
25-27 GA,
3/8-5/8 inches
45-90 degree angle
angles that should be used when administering a ID injection, and needle size
5-15
seven potential nursing diagnoses used during the administration of medications
-anxiety
-ineffective health maintenance
-readiness for enhanced immunization status
-deficient knowledge
-noncompliance
-effective therapeutic regimen management
-impaired swallowing
*identify the components of medication orders
patients full name
-date and time that the order is written
-medication name
-dose
-route of adminstration
-signature of provider
failure to instill ear drops at room temperature causes
vertigo
-dizziness
-nausea
factors that must be considered when selecting a needle for an injection
patient’s size and weight
-type of tissue into which the medication is to be injected
*best sites for subcutaneous injections
-the outer posterior aspect of the upper arms
-the abdomen (below the costal margins to the iliac crests)
-the anterior aspects of the thighs
*maximum amount of water-soluble medication given by the subcutaneous route
0.5-1mL
*maximum volume of medication for an IM injection in well-developed adult
2-5 mL in large muscle
*ventrogluteal injection site
deep site away from nerves and blood vessels; preferred site for medications for adults; children and infants for large volumes and viscous and irritating solutions
*vastus lateralis injection site
for adults and children, muscle is thick and well developed; anterior lateral aspect of the thigh
*deltoid injection site
easily accessible but muscle not well developed; use small amounts; not used in infants or children; potential for injury to radial and ulnar nerves; immunizations for children; recommended site for hep B and rabies injections
