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Nursing 1 > Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

abdominal distension

A

abnormal swelling of the abdomen

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2
Q

what is borborygmi

A

the sounds of intestinal gas moving through the intestines; the sounds of stomach rumbling

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3
Q

what are bowel sounds

A

The noises made by the intestinal smooth muscles as they squeeze fluids and food products through the digestive tract

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4
Q

what is cathartic

A

An agent that causes evacuation of the bowel (laxative)

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5
Q

what is the colon

A

the part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum

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6
Q

what is constipation

A

Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too little fiber in the diet

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7
Q

what is diarrhea

A

An abnormal, frequent discharge of fluid fecal matter from the bowel

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8
Q

what is distension

A

the act of expanding by pressure from within

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9
Q

what is a cleansing enema

A

Stimulates Peristalsis through the infusion of a large volume of solution or through local irritation of the colon’s mucosa (Include tap water, normal saline, soapsuds, and low-volume hypertonic saline enemas)

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10
Q

what is a hypertonic enema

A

DRAWS water from the body (interstitial space) into the colon ie,Fleet brand

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11
Q

what is a hypotonic enema

A

cleansing, tap water uses lower osmotic pressure than fluid in intestinal tissues

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12
Q

what is an isotonic enema

A

normal saline enema
distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, softens feces-normal saline or salt water

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13
Q

what is a large volume enema

A

750-1000 mL of lukewarm solution; 105-110 degrees fahrenheit; hang container 18-24 inches above buttocks; if client cramps, lower solution bag; make sure to raise bag; client holds solution 10-15 minutes

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14
Q

what is an oil retention enema

A

Lubricating Enema that lubricates the rectum and colon so the feces will absorb the oil and become softer and easier to pass.

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15
Q

what is a return flow enema

A

to relieve flatus. same process as large volume enema. only 300-500ml, may take 15-20 min, repeat as necessary

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16
Q

what is evacuation

A

An emptying, as of the bowels

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17
Q

what is fecal diversion

A

Ostomy that is made to drain fecal material through the abdomen instead of the anus

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18
Q

what is a colostomy

A

A surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus

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19
Q

what is a ileostomy

A

Artificial opening between ileum and abdominal wall

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20
Q

what is fecal impaction

A

a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled.

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21
Q

what is flatus

A

Gas expelled through the anus.

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22
Q

what are gastrocolic reflexs

A

Peristalsis becomes more active during eating (increased peristaltic activity). This precedes defecation.This is also the cramp that lets you know you have to go NOW!

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23
Q

what are hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, painful rectal veins; often a result of constipation

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24
Q

what is hypermotility

A

Excessive or abnormally increased movement, as of the GI tract

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25
Q

what is hypomotility

A

the contents of the small intestine move too slowly, allowing bacterial growth

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26
Q

what do laxatives do

A

loosens stools and promotes normal bowel evacuation

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27
Q

what is occult blood

A

hidden blood

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28
Q

what is paralytic ileus

A

Usually temporary paralysis of intestinal wall that may occur after abdominal surgery or peritoneal injury and that causes cessation of peristalsis; leads to abdominal distention and symptoms of obstruction

29
Q

what is perianal

A

situated in or affecting the area around the anus

30
Q

what is perineal

A

the area in front of the anus extending to the fourchette of the vulva in the female and to the scrotum in the male

31
Q

what is peristalsis

A

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

32
Q

what is a sigmoidoscopy

A

Looks into the lower colon

33
Q

what is a spastic colon

A

irritable bowel syndrome

34
Q

what is a sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

35
Q

what is steatorrhea

A

Excess fat in feces

36
Q

what is a suppository

A

A medication in a semisolid form that is introduced into the rectum. It melts at body temperature, and the medication is absorbed through the surrounding tissues.

37
Q

what is melena

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.

38
Q

mouth function

A

teeth masticate food, breaking it down to swallow, and saliva is produced to dilute and soften the food for easier swallowing.

39
Q

esophagus function

A

bolus of food travels down and is pushed along by peristalsis, which propels the food through the length of the GI tract

40
Q

stomach function

A

stomach stores swallowed food and liquid, mixing of food, liquid and digestive juices and empties its contents into the small intestine

41
Q

small intestine function

A

segmentation and peristaltic movement facilitate both digestion and absorption; chime mixes with the digestive juices.

42
Q

large intestine function

A

the lower GI tract (colon) is divided into the cecum, colon and rectum. It is the primary organ of elimination

43
Q

what is the amuses function

A

contraction and relaxation of the internal and external sphincters, innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli, aid in control of defecation.

44
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

at the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes and the abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing out the stool

45
Q

mouth age related changes

A

decreased chewing and decreased salivation- including oral dryness

46
Q

esophagus age related changes

A

reduced motility, especially in lower third

47
Q

stomach age related changes

A

decrease in acid secretions, motor activity, mucosal thickness, nutrient absorption

48
Q

small intestine age related changes

A

decreased nutrient absorption, fewer absorbing cells

49
Q

large intestine age related changes

A

increase in pouches on the weakened intestinal wall called diverticulosis

50
Q

liver age related changes

A

size decreased

51
Q

how does fiber affect diet?

A

fiber is nondigestible residue in the diet that provides the bulk of fecal material. Good sources include whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables.

52
Q

diseases of GI tract associated with stress

A

ulcerative colitis, IBS, certain gastric and duodenal ulcers and Crohn disease

53
Q

conditions that may result in painful defecation

A

hemorrhoids
rectal surgery
rectal fistulas
abdominal surgery

54
Q

effects of anesthetic agents and peristalsis on defecation

A

general anesthetic agents used during surgery cause temporary cessation of peristalsis; direct manipulation of bowel temporarily stops peristalsis (paralytic ileus)

55
Q

what effect do opioid analgesics have on GI

A

slow peristalsis and segmental contractions, often resulting in constipation

56
Q

what are anticholinergics

A

inhibit gastric acid secretion and depress GI motility

57
Q

Four factors that place a patient at risk for constipation

A

improper diet
reduced fluid intake
lack of exercise
certain medications

58
Q

What is a Stoma

A

artificial opening in the abdominal wall

59
Q

normal fecal odor

A

pungent, affected by food type

60
Q

normal fecal consistency

A

soft, formed

61
Q

normal fecal colour

A

infants: yellow adults: brown

62
Q

normal fecal amount

A

150g/day (adults)

63
Q

factors to consider to promote normal defecation

A

-sitting position
-positioning on bedpan- elevated HOB
-privacy
-fluid intake
-diet
-exercise
-timing

64
Q

purposes of NG intubation

A

decompression
-enteral feeding
-compression
-lavage

65
Q

optimal amount of water to drink a day for regular bowel movements

A

1600-2000 oz a day

66
Q

most important thing to ask clients at start of focused bowel assessment

A

normal bowel pattern for that client

67
Q

what electrolyte are you at risk for an imbalance of when experiencing diarrhea?

A

potassium

68
Q

what is a double barrel stoma?

A

a stoma with 2 openings where one drains feces & one drains mucus

69
Q
A

Nursing 1 (20 decks)

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