SABT Test Five Review Flashcards
What is Congress enacts legislation in response to a spike in the number of fires at place of worship throughout the US. ATF shared jurisdiction with the FBI which is charged with the inv of the violation of civil rights as they pertain to these acts
Church Arson Act 1996
Name the 7 steps in the Systematic Approach of an Investigation
1 Recognize the need -arrival at the scene
2 Define the problem-security at CS, safety
3 Collect Data-document the SC, interviewing, taking pictures
4 Analyze Data
5 Form a hypothesis
6 Test the hypothesis
7 Select a final hypothesis
This adds Fire to USC 844i statute as it pertains to the destruction of business with interstate nexus. ATF role in arson enforcement expands at a critical time in the history of ATF when RIF was going on. At this time ATF assume role as lead Fed agency in the enforcement of violations under
Anti Arson Act of 1982
When investigating a arson an agent should inv from
outside to inside and least to most damage.
Prior to 1882 ATF only worked Arson cases that involved the criminal use of an
Incendiary Device
ATF investigates and prosecution of arson fires by using the
Explosive Control Act of 1970
Wha is a useful guid an ATF can use to inv Arson investigations
NFPA 921 guide
When collecting evidence at a fire scene, agents should fill the can no more than
leaving headspace, half full no more 2/3rd full, airtight, have ur
initials, date, exhibit #, inv # evidence tape
-do not use USPS to ship hazardous material, on Fedex or UPS and must have a tracking number.
Name the 3 types of Contamination
1 Cross Scene-Accelerant residues carried from one scene to another by personal equipment (same scene change gloves)
2 Cross Case- improper storage or packaging
3 Contamination from another source-gas station step in gas and take it to the CS
Evidence that can be found at a fire scene =
1 Area of Orgin
2 Cause of Fire
3 indication of accelerant use (burn patterns, Electronic sniffers, k-9)
A rapid oxidation process with the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.
Fire
Name the 3 basic elements of Fire Triangle
Heat
Fuel
Oxygen
What is the Expanded upon the fire triangle to include the uninhibited (Chemical) chain reaction to a four sided solid geometric form. plus the
Heat, oxygen, and fuel
Fire Tetrahedron
What is the Three methods of heat Transfer
1 Conduction- heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.
2 Convection-heat transfer by circulation within a medium, such as a gas or liquid
3 Radiation-Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic waves.
Name the 4 types of Combustion
1 Spontaneous
2 Smoldering
3 Pre-mixed
4 Diffusion
Any flame in which the fuel and oxidizer are initially mixed and ignited
Pre-mixed Flames
A flame in which fuel and air mix or diffuse together at the region of compustion
Diffusion Flames
What are the two types of flames
1 Pre-mixed Flames
2 Diffusion Flames
What is the initiation of combustion of a material by an internal chemical or biological that has produced sufficient heat to ignite the material
Spontaneous Combustion
What are the 3 types of Fuel
1 Solid- needs to be heated in order to decompose and produce ignitable vapors
2 Liquid- Needs to produce vapors to be ignited
3 Gaseous-Needs to be mixed with the proper amount of oxygen to be ignited Common types are methane, propane, butane, and acetylene.
The lowest temperature at which a liquid produces vapors at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame
Flashpoint
Flashpoint < 100 degrees F
Flammable
Flashpoint > 100 degrees F
Combustible
Density of vapor to air =
Vapor Density
THe upper or lower concentration limit at specific temperature and pressure of a flammable gas or vapor of an ignitable liquid or vapor expressed as a percentage of fuel by volume that can be ignited
Flammable Limit
What is the Four phases of Fire
1 Ignition
2 Growth
3 Fully Developed
4 Decay
heat, fuel and oxygen have been brought together as combustion begins
Ignition Phase
THe fire is developing in intensity and beginning to spread
- unburned products of combustion rise in fire plume
- hot gas layer begins to form at ceiling
- Radiant heat hot gas layer is hating all combustibles
- Fuel (quantity, arrangement, Characteristics)
- Ventilation (Amount of oxygen that is available)
Growth Phase
Free burning phase the fire continues to burn freely. Combustion a balance must be maintained (self sustaining chemical chain reaction) among heat, fuel and oxygen (Fire tetrahedron)
- Combustible (fuel) are consumed
- formation of fire patterns
- Degradation of structural components (collapse)
- Post Flashover fire damage
Fully developed
The fire begins to decline in intensity due to lack of fuel, oxygen, heat and the interruption of the self sustained chemical reactions (fire tetrahedron)
- Fuel is consumed/ removed
- Ventilation limited (oxygen)
- Heat is diminished
- Chemical reactions (combustion) chain is broken
- Self extinguishment
- Fire suppression efforts (water, Chemical)
Decay
The (transition) state in the fire development when all combustibles in the room reach ignition temperatures simultaneously.
-When a fire in a room becomes a room on fire.
between growth and fully developed.
Flashover
The transfer of head by methods of convection, conduction and radiation and movement of super heated gases and smoke that are simply unburned products of combustion.
Fire spread
Fire moving upwards and outwards due to ____ of convective gases and also referred as______–
Buoyancy
Fire Plume
Center configuration
Corner configuration
Wall Configuration
Where in the room is the fire located
- Buoyancy Principle
- Methods of heat transfer
- super heat gases
- formation of gas smoke layer
- Path of least resistance
- Fire plume
- ceiling jet
- smoke layer
- fire configuration
Fire spread terms
The consideration of fuel loads will answer the question of what is burning =
Fuel Load
What is a most common explosion related to fires also referred to as a gas/ vapor explosion, a fuel-air explosion, or a combustion explosion.
-most common= gas, vapor and dusts
-natural gas and Liquid Petroleum GAS
(structure fires) = non seated explosion
Chemical Explosions
Explosion in which a high pressure gas creates internal pressure within a confining container and produce a purely physical reaction
- BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) one of most common found at a fire i.e water heater, steam boiler
- 400 degrees steel will decrease
- 930 steel is reduced by one half
Mechanical explosions
in a fire where the origin is clearly defined it is occasionally possible to make a credible determination regarding the cause of the fire, absent physical evidence through credible elimination of all other potential ignition sources
.ie. light a match and burn a church and take it with them.
Negative Corpus
