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Exam 4 Risk & High Risk Vehicle Stop > SABT 5 D FIRE SCENE INV > Flashcards

SABT 5 D FIRE SCENE INV Flashcards

0
Q

-Three basic elements of fire = Heat, Fuel, Oxygen

A

FIRE TRIANGLE

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1
Q

1 -
A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.

A

FIRE

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2
Q
  • Expanded upon the fire triangle to include the uninhibited (Chemical) chain reaction to a four side solid geometric form called a ______
  • continue as long as all three are there Heat, oxygen, fuel
A

FIRE tetrahedron

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3
Q

2 Explain fire growth as it relates to the

  • three methods of heat transfer and the
  • three types of fuel.
A
  • 1 Conduction-heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact (needs a body to get thru)
  • 2 Convection- Heat transfer by circulation within a medium, such as a gas or liquid (side of flame is Radiation/ top is heat) Go thru air heat rays
  • 3 Radiation- Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic waves.

-1 Solid
-2 Liquid
-3 Gaseous
Convection and Radiation are the primary source of the fire

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4
Q

Types of Combustion

A

Spontaneous
Smoldering
Premixed
Diffusion

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5
Q

Extremely slow oxidation of a fuel due o the limited exposure to air

  • Temperature rise in the fuel in inversely proportional to its ability to dissipate heat
  • Insufficient heat loss may lead to a thermal runaway
  • Process from inception to ignition may range from hours to days
A

Spontaneous Combustion

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6
Q

Combustion with flame, usually with incandescence and smoke

A

Smoldering combustion

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7
Q

Any flame in which the fuel and oxidizer are initially mixed and ignited

A

Pre-Mixed Flame

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8
Q

A flame in which fuel and air mix or diffuse together at the region of combustion

A

Diffusion Flame

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9
Q

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an ara of low concentration

A

Fickā€™s law of diffusion

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15
Q

Two major types of fuel air explosive that are encountered most commonly by fire investigator s

A

1 Mechanical explosions

2 Chemical Explosion

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16
Q

as explosion in which a high pressure gas creates internal pressure within a confining container and produces a purely physical reaction

A

Mechanical Explosive

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17
Q

the most common explosion related to fires is a chemical explosion that is also referred to as gas/ vapor explosion, a fuel air explosion, or a combustion explosion.
-high pressure gas is the result of exothermic reaction wherein
A- combustion reaction
B- decomposition reaction
C- rapid exothermic reaction

A

chemical explosion

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19
Q

3 Explain fire behavior as it relates to the four phases of fire growth, flashover, fire spread and fuel load.

A

1 Ignition Phase
2 Growth Phase,
3 Fully Developed,
4 Decay phase-fire begins to decline in intensity due to lack of fuel oxygen or heat (Fire suppressions Efforts)

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20
Q

-The transition stage in fire development when all combustible in the room reach ignition temperatures simultaneously. BC a room on fire

A

-Flashover

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21
Q

The amount of energy impacting a solid fuel surface necessary to gasify a unit mass of fuel
-referred to as (PYROLYSIS)
Breaking down fuels until they decompose and gasify. The gas ignite and burns

A

Heat of Gasification

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22
Q
  • Fire will spread at the heat is transferred by methods of convection, conduction and radiation.
A

-Fire spread

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23
Q

-The consideration of fuel loads will answer the question of what is burning?

A

-Fuel Load

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26
Q

have a flash point of less than 100F

A

Flammable Liquid

27
Q

Have a flash point of 100F or greater (additional energy required)

A

Combustible Liquid

28
Q

Heat of combustion x area will tell u

A

Mass burn rate

30
Q

Turbulent Flame
-Fame heights approaching approaching 1 foot less stable due to velocity of air entrainment
-Large eddies develop from air entrainment
Radiant heat transfer can account for up to ___ heat tranfer

A

50%

31
Q

4 List and define two major types of fuel air explosion and the properties/ behaviors of common combustible gases.

A

1 Mechanical explosions

2 Chemical Explosion

33
Q

Relatively uniform pushing

  • Window frames tend to stay intact and are projected away from structure
  • Greater damage away from point of initiation
  • Subsonic blast wave
A

Fuel/ Air Signatures

34
Q

Why Inv Fire scene

A

Need to bring to the Courtroom

  • Never miss an opportunity to walk where a bad guy walked
  • scene polygraph
35
Q

what is the Scientific Method of a fire ( A systematic Approach)

A 
Recognize the need 
Define the problem 
Collect Data
Analyze Data 
Develop Hypotheses 
Test Hypotheses 
Select Final Hypothesis 
Make a determination
36
Q

Scene Investigation steps

A

Arrival at scene use-determine legal authority
Security of fire scene= CS, limit access, overnight security
safety at the fire scene
Documentation
Origin and cause determination

37
Q

Finish Sketches are

A

NOT TO SCALE

38
Q

What is Examine the scene from the outside to inside

-Examine the scene from the area of least damage to the area of most damage

A

Systematic Approach Origin to inside

39
Q

Why are fires investigated

A

To determine if a criminal act has occurred (arson)
To determine liability or responsibility (Civil)
To determine fire prevention (Public Safety)

40
Q

Fuels are lighter than air (natural gas) will result in explosion damage in the upper portions of the structure: fuels that are heavier that air (LP) will result in damage that is in the lower portions of the structure= T or F

A

note

41
Q 
Artifacts left by the fire 
FP of the fire 
Noted and Documented 
Part of Data collection process 
Studied and tested
A

Fire Patterns

42
Q

What are the two type of fire patterns

A

Fire Movements Patterns

Fire intensity patterns

43
Q 
Multiple origins 
-trailers 
-Pour patterns, Ignitable Liquids 
-Disabling fire protection system 
-Tampering with utilities 
-Unusual fuel loads or fuel configurations 
-Incendiary devices 
-crime concealment 
-
A

Incendiary Fire indicators

44
Q

Accidental causes of fire

A 
Electrical 
Heating equipment 
mechanical 
Cooking 
smoking 
candles 
Spontaneous heating 
Children
45
Q

The intentional or unintentional destruction of evidence which would prohibit the interested parties from a fair examination of evidence

A

Spoliation

46
Q

Common Fire causes

A 
1 Improper careless use of smoking materials 
2 Electrical causes 
3 Cooking/ kitchen fire 
4 Industrial 
5 mechanical Failures
6 Natural 
7 Open Flame 
8 Negative corpus
47
Q

What is intentionally ignited fore under circumstance in which the person knowns that the fire should not be ignited

A

Incendiary

48
Q
  • Accidental - cause that does not involve an intentional human act to ignite
  • Incendiary - Cause that involves an intentional human act to ignite
  • Undetermined- A proven cause that cannot be determined
A

Three fire cause determinations

49
Q
  • suspicious is a fire call
  • fire burned too hot and fast
  • this hole means something was poured low burn
  • most damage always equal area of origin
  • multiple origins means incendiary
  • inverted v pattern means accelerant
  • Depth of Char
A

Myths, Legends and pitfalls

50
Q

-

A

Cause investigation

60
Q

10 ID and explain the origin and cause of a fire in a burn cell during the fire scene practical Exercise (PE) by following the step of the systematic approach and by using team concept

A

-

62
Q 
9 - Spalling of concrete 
Crazing of glass
Area of greatest damage= area of origin 
Rate of char analysis 
Alligatoring of wood 
Hot and fast fire 
Pour Pattern vs post flashover damage 
Melting of aluminum thresholds
A

Common Myths and Legends (False)

63
Q

8 Accidental- cause that does not involve an intentional human act to ignite
Incendiary- A cause that involves an intentional human act to ignite
Undetermined- a proven cause that cannot be determined

A

-

64
Q

7 what is

A

Common incendiary fire indicators

66
Q

5 List and define the steps of the systematic approach to the origin and cause investigations of a fire and how it applies to the team approach at fire scene investigations.

A 
Recognize the need 
Define the problem 
Collect Data
Analyze Data 
Develop Hypotheses 
Test Hypotheses 
Select Final Hypothesis 
Make a determination
67
Q

6 List and define common terms pertaining to direction and intensity of burn and fire patters such ā€œVā€ patterns, lines of demarcation, char, protected areas, clean burn, calcination, pour patterns, and spalling

A
  • V Patterns= up and out
  • Hourglass=narrow down low then spread out at top
  • Lines of Demarcation=soot and heat damage line around the building
  • Char (Depth of Char)
  • Pour Patterns vs Floor patterns
  • Protected Areas
  • Clean Burn
  • Calcination of Gypsum

Exam 4 Risk & High Risk Vehicle Stop (21 decks)

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