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BodyLog * > S7 Bone, Bone Marrow And Blood Vessels > Flashcards

S7 Bone, Bone Marrow And Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of bones? Give an example for each.

A 
Long - femur
Short - carpals
Flat - scapula
Sesamoid - patella
Irregular - vertebrae
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2
Q

What is the function of flat and irregular bones?

A

Protect internal organs

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3
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A

Support the body weight and facilitate movement

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4
Q

What is the function of short bones?

A

Provide stability

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5
Q

What is the role of sesamoid bones?

A

Protect tendons from stress and wear and tear.

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6
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow?

A

Red bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow

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7
Q

Where do you find yellow bone marrow?

A

The diaphysis

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8
Q

Where do you find red bone marrow?

A

The epiphysis

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9
Q

What is the role of yellow bone marrow?

A

Contains adipocytes - fat storage

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10
Q

What is the role of red bone marrow?

A

Contains developing RBC - site of heamatopoeisis

With ageing, red bone marrow becomes yellow bone marrow

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11
Q

Once released into the blood stream, how long does it take for RBC to mature?

A

2 days

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12
Q

What is the route of RBC and WBC once they enter the blood supply?

A

Venule - intermediate vein - large vein - vena cava

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13
Q

What controls the blood flow in capillaries?

A

Precapillary sphincters - open and close capillary controlling blood flow (used in thermoregulation)

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14
Q

What are collateral blood vessels? What is an example of when these might occur?

A

New blood vessels formed to redirect blood flow when tissue is compromised.

Ischaemia

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15
Q

What is a pericyte?

A

An immature ‘smooth muscle’ cell - has contractile properties, used in maintaining tight capillaries (e.g. at blood-brain barrier)

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16
Q

What is the difference between vasculogenesis and angiogenesis?

A

Vasculogenesis - new blood vessels formed from angioplasty precursors in bone marrow.

Angiogenesis - new blood vessels formed from existing blood vessels

17
Q

What is the structure of veins?

A

3 layers: tunica adventitia (endothelium), tunica media (elastic and muscle) and tunica intima (elastic)

Large lumen to prevent friction

Low pressure so thinner wall

Valves to prevent back-flow of blood

18
Q

What is the structure of arteries?

A

3 layers: tunica adventitia (endothelium), tunica media (elastic and muscle) and tunica intima (elastic)

Smaller lumen

High pressure so thicker wall

19
Q

What is the structure of capillaries?

A

Narrow lumen (just big enough for RBC to pass through)

Low pressure so thin walls (one cell thick)

Some have fenestrations (where high exchange rate)

20
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Vessels with an incomplete basement membrane which allow cells to pass through e.g found in tissues that process blood cells - haematopoiesis occurs then cells passed into blood stream via sinusoids

BodyLog * (16 decks)

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