S4 - Biology Test (3)

Question 1

What is the process which produces more cells called?

Answer 1

mitosis

Question 2

What does mitosis do for the body?

Answer 2

Provides new cells for growth and repair of damaged tissues and the replacement of dead or damaged cells

Question 3

What does mitosis do as well as producing new cells?

Answer 3

It maintains the diploid chromosome complex and compliment

Question 4

What are haploid cells?

Answer 4

Cells which have a single set of chromosomes

Question 5

What are diploid cells?

Answer 5

Cells with 2 matching sets of chromosomes

Question 6

What cells are diploid?

Answer 6

All of them with the exception of gametes

Question 7

What are gametes?

Answer 7

sex cells, sperm and eggs

Question 8

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 8

• Chromosomes are long and thin, they start to shorten and thicken and they replicate
• Chromosomes, which are now made up of 2 identical chromatids become visible
• Chromosomes line up at the equator and spindle fibres form
• The chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibres and the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
• Nuclear membrane reforms and the cytoplasm starts to split
• Cell splits in 2, 2 new identical cells are made

Question 9

What do stem cells do in animal cells?

Answer 9

They are involved in the growth and repair of tissues

Question 10

What does ‘unspecialised cells’ mean and what is an example?

Answer 10

• They have the potential to become different types of cells
• stem cells

Question 11

Where can stem cells be extracted from?

Answer 11

embryos at a very early stage

Question 12

What are multicellular organisms?

Answer 12

Organisms which have more than one cell type are made up of tissues and organs

Question 13

Specialisation of cells leads to…

Answer 13

the formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs

Question 14

what is a system?

Answer 14

groups of organs working together

Question 15

what are cells?

Answer 15

the basic unit of life

Question 16

what are tissues?

Answer 16

groups of specialised cells that work together to preform the same function

Question 17

what are organs?

Answer 17

groups of tissue which work together

Question 18

what are systems?

Answer 18

groups of organs which work together

Question 19

what is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 19

to transport O2 around the body efficiently in the form of oxyhemoglobin

Question 20

what is the structure of red blood cells?

Answer 20

• has no nucleus
• is biconcave in shape which increases surface area
• contains haemoglobin

Question 21

what is the function of sperm cells?

Answer 21

to swim to the egg cell

Question 22

what is the structure of a sperm cell?

Answer 22

has a tail to swim to egg cell

Question 23

what is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 23

absorbs water via osmosis

Question 24

what is the structure of a root hair cell?

Answer 24

has a large surface area to absorb more water

Question 25

what does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 25

the central nervous system (CNS) and other nerves

Question 26

what does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 26

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 27

what is the function for each part of the brain?

Answer 27

cerebrum - enables conscious thought and memory cerebellum - controls balance and coordination medulla - controls breathing and heart rates

Question 28

name each part of the brain and where they’re located?

Answer 28

Question 29

what do receptors do?

Answer 29

detect stimuli/sensory input

Question 30

what is the function of the … neurone in a reflex arc? - sensory - inter - motor

Answer 30

S: passes an electrical impulse from the receptor to the inter neurone in the spinal cord I: passes an electrical impulse from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone M: passes an electrical impulse from the inter neurone to the effector so it can carry out a response

Question 31

what is the order of a response to stimuli?

Answer 31

stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone - CNS - motor neurone - effector - response

Question 32

what is a synapse?

Answer 32

a gap between 2 neurones where chemicals transfer messages between them

Question 33

what are different examples of stimuli?

Answer 33

- heat - pain - object moving towards you - sound - smell

Question 34

what are different examples of receptors?

Answer 34

- skin - eyes - nose - ears - tongue

Question 35

what are different examples of effectors?

Answer 35

- muscles - glands

Question 36

what are different examples of the responses to stimuli?

Answer 36

- swallowing - pull hand away - catching ball

Question 37

what happens at a synapse?

Answer 37

chemicals diffuse across and bind with receptors on the next neurone, triggering another impulse

Question 38

what is a reflex action?

Answer 38

a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus which does not involve the brain

Question 39

what do reflexes help do?

Answer 39

protect the body from harm

Question 40

what are examples of reflex actions?

Answer 40

- coughing - sneezing - blinking - iris reflex - response to pain

Question 41

What is the function of the endocrine glands and what are examples?

Answer 41

- Release hormones into the blood stream - Pancreas, Testicles & Ovaries

Question 42

What hormones are involved in blood glucose regulation?

Answer 42

- Insulin - Glucagon

Question 43

What is the function of Insulin?

Answer 43

- Produced when blood glucose levels are too high, acts to decrease them

Question 44

What is the function of glucagon?

Answer 44

- Produced when blood glucose levels are too low, acts to increase them

Question 45

What storage carbohydrate stores excess glucose and where is it stored?

Answer 45

- Glycogen - In the liver

Question 46

What is the cause of diabetes type 1 and 2?

Answer 46

1: problem with insulin producing cells. Early rapid onset 2: overweight, elderly, excessive use of insulin producing cells

Question 47

What is the problem in diabetes type 1 and 2?

Answer 47

1: no insulin produced 2: resistance to insulin

Question 48

What are the treatments to diabetes type 1 and 2?

Answer 48

1: requires injections 2: healthy, balanced life style

Question 49

What is fertilisation in mammals?

Answer 49

The fusion of the nuclei of the 2 haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote which divides to form an embryo

Question 50

Name each part of the diagram

Answer 50

Question 51

What is the sex organ for male and female plants and their gamete?

Answer 51

M: Anther, pollen F: Ovary, ovule

Question 52

Why do hormones only affect their target tissue?

Answer 52

Because they have cells with complementary receptor proteins for specific hormones