S3 - Biology Test (4)

Question 1

Why do our cells need energy?

Answer 1

To preform processes such as:
- Cell division (mitosis)
- Muscle cells contraction
- Protein synthesis
- Transmission of nerve impulses

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

A series of enzyme controlled reactions

Question 3

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose + Oxygen ~> Carbon dioxide + water
+ energy

Question 4

What are the chemical elements in Carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

What are the chemical elements in Fats?

Answer 5

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 6

What are the chemical elements in proteins?

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 7

What do each food group provide?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates - Energy
Fats - Energy
Protein - Growth and repair

Question 8

What is the following:

• Oesophagus

Answer 8

• Muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach

Question 9

What does the Stomach do?

Answer 9

Contains acid, starts breaking down food

Question 10

What is the function for the following:

Small intestine

Answer 10

Absorbs nutrients from food

Question 11

What is the function for the following:

Large intestine

Answer 11

Absorbs water and salts

Question 12

What is the function for the following:

Anus

Answer 12

Allows the exit for passing waste

Question 13

What is the function for the following:

Liver

Answer 13

Supports enzymes and stores sugars

Question 14

What is the function for the following:

Pancreas

Answer 14

Produces enzymes

Question 15

What is peristalsis?

Answer 15

When food is pushed down the oesophagus by contracting muscles

Question 16

What is the basic structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

What is the basic structure of fats?

Answer 17

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 18

What is the basic structure of proteins?

Answer 18

Amino acids

Question 19

The breakdown of food is helped by what?

Answer 19

Contractions of the stomach / enzymes

Question 20

What speeds up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids?

Answer 20

Pepsin (protease)

Question 21

Where is pepsin found and why?

Answer 21

In the stomach because it’s optimum working pH is 2.5

Question 22

What are the 2 main functions of the small intestine?

Answer 22

The digestion and absorption of food

Question 23

What is the digestive enzyme and subunit of starch?

Answer 23

• Amylase
• Sugars

Question 24

What is the digestive enzyme and subunit of proteins?

Answer 24

Protease and amino acids

Question 25

What is the digestive enzyme and subunit of fats?

Answer 25

Lipase and glycerol and fatty acids

Question 26

What are enzymes?

Answer 26

Biological catalysts that speed up the breakdown of large insoluble molecules

Question 27

What is a substrate?

Answer 27

A chemical that an enzyme reacts with

Question 28

What is ‘the active site’?

Answer 28

The area where a substrate binds to on an enzyme

Question 29

What is degradation?

Answer 29

When large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

Question 30

Nutrients from food are absorbed into…

Answer 30

The villi

Question 31

What makes the villi efficient at absorbing nutrients?

Answer 31

• Large surface area
• Thin walls
• An extensive network of blood capillaries