S3 - Biology Test (4) Flashcards by Callum H

Q

Why do our cells need energy?

A

To preform processes such as:
- Cell division (mitosis)
- Muscle cells contraction
- Protein synthesis
- Transmission of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is respiration?

A

A series of enzyme controlled reactions

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen ~> Carbon dioxide + water
+ energy

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are the chemical elements in Carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are the chemical elements in Fats?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are the chemical elements in proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What do each food group provide?

A

Carbohydrates - Energy
Fats - Energy
Protein - Growth and repair

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the following:

Oesophagus

A

Muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What does the Stomach do?

A

Contains acid, starts breaking down food

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the function for the following:

Small intestine

A

Absorbs nutrients from food

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the function for the following:

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water and salts

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the function for the following:

Anus

A

Allows the exit for passing waste

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the function for the following:

Liver

A

Supports enzymes and stores sugars

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the function for the following:

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is peristalsis?

A

When food is pushed down the oesophagus by contracting muscles

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the basic structure of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose

Q

What is the basic structure of fats?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Q

What is the basic structure of proteins?

A

Amino acids

Q

The breakdown of food is helped by what?

A

Contractions of the stomach / enzymes

Q

What speeds up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids?

A

Pepsin (protease)

Q

Where is pepsin found and why?

A

In the stomach because it’s optimum working pH is 2.5

Q

What are the 2 main functions of the small intestine?

A

The digestion and absorption of food

Q

What is the digestive enzyme and subunit of starch?

A

Amylase
Sugars

Q

What is the digestive enzyme and subunit of proteins?

A

Protease and amino acids

What is the digestive enzyme and subunit of fats?

Lipase and glycerol and fatty acids

What are enzymes?

Biological catalysts that speed up the breakdown of large insoluble molecules

What is a substrate?

A chemical that an enzyme reacts with

What is ‘the active site’?

The area where a substrate binds to on an enzyme

What is degradation?

When large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

Nutrients from food are absorbed into…

The villi

What makes the villi efficient at absorbing nutrients?

- Large surface area - Thin walls - An extensive network of blood capillaries