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Biology > S4 - Biology Test (1) > Flashcards

S4 - Biology Test (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All of the living organisms living in a particular habitat and the non-living components with which they interact with

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2
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where organisms live

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3
Q

What is a population?

A

Organisms of the same species living in the same place

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4
Q

What is a community?

A

a group of organisms of different species living in the same place and interacting

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5
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The total variation that exists amongst all living organisms

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6
Q

What do the following mean;
- Predator
- Herbivore
- Carnivore
- Prey
- Omnivore
- Producer
- Consumer

A
  • An animal that hunts other animals for food
  • Eats only plant material
  • Eats only animal material
  • Is hunted by the predator
  • Eats both plant and animal material
  • Makes it’s own food using light energy
  • Eats plants and other animals to get energy
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7
Q

What are abiotic and biotic factors?

A

Factors which effect the growth and survival of living things

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8
Q

Name three examples of abiotic factors.

A
  • Temp.
  • Light Intensity
  • Soil pH
  • Moisture
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9
Q

Name three examples of biotic factors.

A
  • Predation
  • Disease
  • Grazing
  • Competition for resources
  • Food availability
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10
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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11
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role an organisms plays within it’s community

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12
Q

What are the two forms of competition in ecosystems?

A
  • Interspecific
  • Intraspecific
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13
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

When individuals of different species require a few of the same resources in an ecosystem

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14
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

When individuals of the same species require all of the same resources

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15
Q

What are different ways of measuring biotic factors?

A
  • Pitfall traps
  • Quadrats
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16
Q

How do we measure abiotic factors?

A

By using; a thermometer, light meter, moisture meter and/or pH meter

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17
Q

How do you measure the temperature of soil or water, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?

A
  • Stick a thermometer into soil/water & take reading
  • Not inserting it long enough to adjust temp. before
    reading
  • Keep it inserted long enough for it to adjust
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18
Q

How do you measure the pH of soil or water, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?

A
  • Stick the meter into the soil/water & take reading
  • Not cleaning the probe between uses
  • Clean the probe
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19
Q

How do you measure the moisture of soil, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?

A
  • Stick the meter into soil and take reading
  • Moisture being left over from prev. reading
  • Clean the probe
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20
Q

How do you measure the light intensity, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?

A
  • Point meter towards light source
  • Something shading the meter
  • Ensuring nothing is in the way
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21
Q

What are indicator species?

A

Species that by their presence or absence indicate environmental quality or levels of pollution

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22
Q

What might the indicator species for - water & - air be?

A

Water = Bacteria
Air = Lichen

23
Q

What do the arrows in food chains show?

A

The direction of energy flow through an ecosystem

24
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A series of enzyme controlled reaction with which allow for green plants, this containing chlorophyll, to make glucose using light energy

25
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight
Water + Carbon dioxide ~> Oxygen + Glucose
Chlorophyll

26
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

A green pigment that traps light energy so that the plant can carry out photosynthesis

27
Q

What are the stages of photosynthesis?

A

1 - Light reactions (light dependant stage)
2 - Carbon Fixation (temp. dependant stage)

28
Q

Why is nitrogen important?

A

It’s essential for plants to produce protein

29
Q

What are nitrates essential for?

A

Production of all animal and plant proteins

30
Q

Why is it bad to over use fertilisers?

A

They can leach into rivers or lakes, increasing algal populations, which reduces light levels killing aquatic plants. The dead plants and algae are food for bacteria which use up large quantities of oxygen, possibly killing other organisms

31
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

The build up of toxic substances in living organisms

32
Q

What happens when bioaccumulation is passed along food chains?

A

The toxicity can reach lethal levels in final consumers

33
Q

What is biological control?

A

A method of controlling pests by using other living organisms

34
Q

What is mutation?

A

A random change in genetic material that can happen spontaneously and are the only source of new alleles

35
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survival in its environment/niche

36
Q

What does natural selection involve?

A

The best adapted individuals in a population surviving and reproducing, passing on the favourable alleles that give the selective advantage

37
Q

What is the function of chlorophyll in relation to light energy?

A

Trapping it and using it to make glucose

38
Q

What things is light energy used to produce in stage one of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen and Hydorgen

39
Q

What are the products of stage one in photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen, hydrogen and ATP

40
Q

What happens to oxygen in stage one of photosynthesis?

A

It diffuses out of the cell

41
Q

What products of stage one in photosynthesis are required for the next stage?

A

Hydrogen and ATP

42
Q

What are three uses of glucose in plants?

A

Used;
- for immediate energy
- to produce starch
- to produce cellulose

43
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A
  • Light intensity
  • CO2 concentration
  • Temperature
44
Q

What three ways is energy lost from a food chain as?

A

Heat, waste and movement

45
Q

What do ‘pyramids of numbers’ show?

A

Shows the relative number of organisms at each stage of the food chain

46
Q

What might make the shape of ‘pyramids of numbers’ irregular?

A
  • A tree being the producer
  • The presence of parasites
47
Q

What is the function of fertilisers?

A

Provide chemicals such as nitrates which increase crop yield

48
Q

How can nitrogen be passed on from a plant to an animal?

A

By the animal consuming the plant

49
Q

How can biological control reduce the need for fertilisers?

A
50
Q

What factors can can cause mutations?

A
  • Exposure to radiation
  • Chemicals
51
Q

Why is variation important?

A

It makes it possible for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental confitions

52
Q

What is speciation?

A

The formation of new species

52
Q

Why is variation important?

A

It makes it possible for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions

53
Q

Why is variation important?

A

It makes it possible for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions

Biology (10 decks)

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