S4 - Biology Test (1) Flashcards
What is an ecosystem?
All of the living organisms living in a particular habitat and the non-living components with which they interact with
What is a habitat?
The place where organisms live
What is a population?
Organisms of the same species living in the same place
What is a community?
a group of organisms of different species living in the same place and interacting
What is biodiversity?
The total variation that exists amongst all living organisms
What do the following mean;
- Predator
- Herbivore
- Carnivore
- Prey
- Omnivore
- Producer
- Consumer
- An animal that hunts other animals for food
- Eats only plant material
- Eats only animal material
- Is hunted by the predator
- Eats both plant and animal material
- Makes it’s own food using light energy
- Eats plants and other animals to get energy
What are abiotic and biotic factors?
Factors which effect the growth and survival of living things
Name three examples of abiotic factors.
- Temp.
- Light Intensity
- Soil pH
- Moisture
Name three examples of biotic factors.
- Predation
- Disease
- Grazing
- Competition for resources
- Food availability
What is a species?
A group of organisms which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What is a niche?
The role an organisms plays within it’s community
What are the two forms of competition in ecosystems?
- Interspecific
- Intraspecific
What is interspecific competition?
When individuals of different species require a few of the same resources in an ecosystem
What is intraspecific competition?
When individuals of the same species require all of the same resources
What are different ways of measuring biotic factors?
- Pitfall traps
- Quadrats
How do we measure abiotic factors?
By using; a thermometer, light meter, moisture meter and/or pH meter
How do you measure the temperature of soil or water, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?
- Stick a thermometer into soil/water & take reading
- Not inserting it long enough to adjust temp. before
reading - Keep it inserted long enough for it to adjust
How do you measure the pH of soil or water, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?
- Stick the meter into the soil/water & take reading
- Not cleaning the probe between uses
- Clean the probe
How do you measure the moisture of soil, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?
- Stick the meter into soil and take reading
- Moisture being left over from prev. reading
- Clean the probe
How do you measure the light intensity, where could you go wrong when measuring it and how could you fix it if you were to do so?
- Point meter towards light source
- Something shading the meter
- Ensuring nothing is in the way
What are indicator species?
Species that by their presence or absence indicate environmental quality or levels of pollution
What might the indicator species for - water & - air be?
Water = Bacteria
Air = Lichen
What do the arrows in food chains show?
The direction of energy flow through an ecosystem
What is photosynthesis?
A series of enzyme controlled reaction with which allow for green plants, this containing chlorophyll, to make glucose using light energy
