S3.2 Functional groups: SL

Question 1

Catenation

Answer 1

The ability of carbon to form bonds with other carbon atoms to produce chains and ring structures.

Question 2

Full structural formula

Answer 2

A type of formula used to represent an organic compound.

Question 3

Condensed structural formula

Answer 3

A type of formula used to represent organic compounds that omits the bonds between the atoms.

Question 4

Condensed Structural Formula

Answer 4

Simplifies the structural formula by grouping together atoms in a molecule, omitting some bonds for brevity.

Question 5

Skeletal Formula

Answer 5

A type of formula that only shows the carbon skeleton (or backbone) of an organic compound.

Question 6

Stereochemical formula

Answer 6

A type of formula used to represent the 3D structure of an organic compound.

Question 7

Halogeno

Answer 7

A functional group composed of a halogen atom bonded to an alkane (R–X).

Question 8

Amino functional group

Answer 8

A functional group composed of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups (R–NH2).

Question 9

Ester functional group

Answer 9

A class of compounds that contain an ester functional group, which is composed of a carbon atom bonded to a carbonyl group and with a single bond to an oxygen atom (ROOR’).

Question 10

Homologous Series

Answer 10

Series of compounds with the same functional group, similar chemical properties, and successive members differing by a -CH₂- unit.

Question 11

Alkanes

Answer 11

Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds only. General formula: CₙH₂ₙ+₂.

Question 12

Alkenes

Answer 12

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond. General formula: CₙH₂ₙ.

Question 13

Alcohols

Answer 13

The boiling point increases within a homologous series due to the increasing molar mass and, consequently, stronger London dispersion forces between molecules

Question 14

Amido functional group

Answer 14

A functional group composed of a carbon atom bonded to a carbonyl group and an amino group (R–CONH2).

Question 15

Aldehydes

Answer 15

A class of organic compounds that contain a terminal carbonyl functional group.

Question 16

Carbonyl functional group

Answer 16

A functional group composed of a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom (C=O).

Question 17

Carboxyl functional group

Answer 17

A functional group found in carboxylic acids composed of a carbon atom bonded to a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group (R–COOH).

Question 18

Phenyl functional group

Answer 18

A functional group composed of six carbon atoms and five hydrogen atoms in a ring structure (C6H5–).