Reactivity 3.2 — SL Part 2 Flashcards
What are electrolytic cells used for?
Electrolytic cells use electrical energy to produce chemical compounds through a process called electrolysis, such as extracting aluminium from its ores.
What is required for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide to occur?
High temperature and electricity are required to melt aluminium oxide and conduct electrolysis using graphite electrodes to produce pure aluminium and carbon dioxide gas.
What are the components of an electrolytic cell?
An electrolytic cell consists of a single container, two inert electrodes (usually graphite), an electrolyte, and a DC power source.
How are carboxylic acids reduced to primary alcohols?
Carboxylic acids can be reduced to primary alcohols via aldehydes in the presence of a reducing agent like sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4).
What is the reduction product of a ketone?
Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols using a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminium hydride.
What process is used to make vegetable oils solid at room temperature, like margarine?
Hydrogenation, the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated compounds, which decreases the degree of unsaturation and makes the oils solid at room temperature.
What are alkenes and alkynes?
Alkenes are hydrocarbons with at least one double bond, and alkynes have at least one triple bond in their main chain.
What is a common method for oxidizing alcohols?
Specific methods were not detailed in the provided snippets, but typically alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids depending on the alcohol and the conditions.
