S3.2 Functional groups: HL Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

A medical technique used to produce a detailed view of the internal organs in the human body.

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3
Q

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)

A

An analytical technique that is used to determine the number of different chemical environments that contain protons in an organic compound.

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4
Q

Spin states

A

A spinning atomic nucleus creates a magnetic field. The different spin states (parallel and antiparallel) are created by the direction of the spin.

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5
Q

Radio frequency signal

A

An oscillation in the frequency range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves.

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6
Q

Resonance frequency

A

The frequency of radiation that causes a proton to undergo spin-flip.

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7
Q

Chemical environment

A

A group of equivalent protons that all have the same resonance frequency. Also known as the hydrogen environment.

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8
Q

Equivalent protons

A

Protons that are in the same chemical environment.

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9
Q

Non-equivalent protons

A

Protons that are in different chemical environments.

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10
Q

Deshielding

A

The process by which an electronegative atom such as oxygen causes a group of equivalent protons to absorb downfield on a 1H NMR spectrum.

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11
Q

Splitting patterns

A

The splitting of a peak on an 1H NMR spectrum into clusters of peaks.

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12
Q

Spin–spin coupling

A

The interaction between the magnetic fields of adjacent protons.

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13
Q

n+1 rule

A

Used to determine the splitting pattern produced by a group of equivalent protons.

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14
Q

Relative intensities

A

The relative intensity of each proton in a splitting pattern.

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15
Q

What analytical techniques are used to determine the structure of a molecule with an empirical formula of C3H6O2?

A

Mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

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16
Q

How is the molecular mass of a molecule determined in the context of C3H6O2 analysis?

A

Using mass spectrometry, the molecule’s molecular mass was found to be 74.

(C3H6O2)=(3 × 12.01 g/mol) + (6 × 1.01 g/mol) + (2 × 16.00 g/mol) =74.08

17
Q

Which functional group is identified in C3H6O2 through IR spectroscopy?

A

A carboxyl group (COOH).

18
Q

What does ¹H NMR spectroscopy reveal about the molecule C3H6O2?

A

It exhibits three different chemical environments for protons.

19
Q

What is the structure of the molecule with an empirical formula of C3H6O2 based on analytical data?

A

Propanoic acid