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(3) Community-Based Rehabilitation > S2_L1: Physical Therapists in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management > Flashcards

S2_L1: Physical Therapists in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Flashcards

1
Q

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability, and capacity leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic, and environmental losses and impacts

A

Disaster

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2
Q

Can lead to loss or damage, can be natural or anthropogenic

A

Hazards

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3
Q

Processes, phenomena, or human activities that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

A

Hazards

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4
Q

What are the 2 natures of hazards?

A

Natural or Anthropogenic

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5
Q

Classifications of hazards

Technological (nuclear waste, oil spill, transport accidents, industrial accidents)

A

Anthropogenic hazards

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6
Q

Classifications of hazards

Man-made (armed conflict terrorist attacks)

A

Anthropogenic hazards

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7
Q

The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards

A

Vulnerability

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8
Q

The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities, and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas

A

Exposure

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9
Q

All the strengths, attributes, and resources available within a community, organization, or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience

A

Capacity

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10
Q

The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management

A

Resilience

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11
Q

Disaster risk formula

A

Disaster risk = (Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure) / Capacity

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12
Q

T/F

DISASTERS ARE NATURAL

A

FALSE.

DISASTERS ARE NOT NATURAL

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13
Q

T/F

Disasters not only happen because of hazards but because of the choices humans make

A

TRUE

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14
Q

T/F

The Chilean (Maule) earthquake (8.8 Mw) that occurred after the Haiti earthquake (7.1 Mw) was a higher magnitude event, but it killed far fewer people.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

T/F

A disaster does not happen unless people and communities are vulnerable due to marginalization, discrimination, and inequitable access to resources, knowledge, and support. These vulnerabilities are further enhanced by deforestation, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and climate change

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Refers to proactive actions taken to reduce the adverse impacts of a hazardous event. This includes engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental and social policies and public awareness.

A

Mitigation

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17
Q

This involves building capacity and knowledge to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current disasters.

A

Preparedness

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18
Q

T/F

Preparedness includes developing response plans, training exercises, and raising public awareness about potential hazards.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Refers to actions taken directly before, during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

A

Response

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20
Q

The long term process of rebuilding and restoring communities and infrastructure after a disaster. This includes providing financial assistance, repairing damaged buildings and roads, and supporting the psychological and social recovery of individuals affected by the disaster.

A

Recovery

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21
Q

CBR is included in this process

A

Recovery

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22
Q

T/F

In the Disaster Management Cycle, the issue here is this is very simplistic. This does not show improvement and resilience.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

In this model, disasters are ever-present, so it means that practices are not sustainable.

A

Disaster Management Cycle

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24
Q

T/F

In the 90s, the literature said not to use the Disaster Management Cycle

A

TRUE

25
Q

T/F

In the EXPAND-CONTRACT MODEL, resilience is seen

A

FALSE

In the EXPAND-CONTRACT MODEL, resilience is not seen

26
Q

T/F

In the EXPAND-CONTRACT MODEL, as a calamity (e.g. typhoon) is coming, preparedness activities are on-going

A

TRUE

27
Q

T/F

DISASTER MANAGEMENT HELIX
1. Blue → post-disaster
2. Red → pre-disaster
3. No distinct pillars and no distinct phases
4. Resilience can be seen here. There are sustainable practices.
5. It captures what we want to happen in CBR

A
  1. FALSE: Blue → pre-disaster
  2. FALSE: Red → post-disaster
  3. TRUE
  4. TRUE
  5. TRUE
28
Q

T/F

The role of PTs in disaster management is evolving and
there has been growing recognition of their valuable
contributions in a range of humanitarian settings.

A

TRUE

29
Q

RELEVANT FRAMEWORKS IN DRRM

  • Inclusive resilience, including everyone.
  • Issue: inclusion is used as a buzzword. They did not provide actual strategies on how to include everyone.
  • They did not provide guidance.
  • Lack on proper guidance
  • This is adopted by membered countries
A

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030

30
Q

RELEVANT FRAMEWORKS IN DRRM

Patterned from Sendai Framework

A

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2020-2030 (NDRRMP)

31
Q

T/F

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2020-2030 (NDRRMP)

  1. PWDs are included here.
  2. It is implemented well.
  3. There are limited resources
  4. No roles for PTs as we are not the priority area despite many people being injured during disasters.
A
  1. FALSE: PWDs are left here.
  2. FALSE: Not also implemented well.
  3. TRUE
  4. TRUE
32
Q

T/F

The increased focus on areas such as disaster risk reduction, disability-inclusive responses and preparing local first responders for emergencies, means that the PTs and their rehabilitation colleagues have opportunities to make significant contributions

A

TRUE

33
Q

Advocating for inclusive infrastructure, policies, and programs

A

Mitigation

34
Q

Contributing to risk reduction activities particularly on reducing vulnerabilities & Participating in disaster planning

A

Mitigation

35
Q
  • Mapping of rehabilitation services
  • Assessing the potential need for rehabilitation
  • Increasing public awareness
  • Advocating for inclusive shelters and response plans
  • Developing personal preparedness plan
  • Training for needed rehabilitation skills
A

Preparedness

36
Q

T/F

Disasters can cause injuries that are life-threatening or may lead to potential long-term disabilities

A

TRUE

37
Q

T/F

Persons with disabilities are two times more likely to experience mortality or sustain injuries when another hazardous event occurs

A

FALSE.

Persons with disabilities are FOUR times more likely to experience mortality or sustain injuries when another hazardous event occurs

38
Q

T/F

Early management of injuries and rehabilitation after a hazardous event increase the likelihood of disability, shorten hospital stay, result in faster recovery and better clinical outcomes, and improve the quality of life and community reintegration of survivors

A

FALSE

Early management of injuries and rehabilitation after a hazardous event REDUCE the likelihood of disability, shorten hospital stay, result in faster recovery and better clinical outcomes, and improve the quality of life and community reintegration of survivors

39
Q

T/F

Specialized rehabilitation care teams should be multidisciplinary and include at least two physiotherapist as well as other rehabilitation disciplines

A

FALSE.

Specialized rehabilitation care teams should be multidisciplinary and include at least one physiotherapist as well as other rehabilitation disciplines

40
Q

Give at least 3 of the roles of PTs in DRRM

A
  • Assessing the need for rehabilitation and accessibility in shelters
  • Triaging, managing, and referring survivors
  • Providing education to patients and their caregivers, psychosocial support, and preventative care for older adults and those with disabilities
  • Mapping of available resources
  • Coordinating discharge, referral, and follow-up
  • Referring survivors in need of rehabilitation to healthcare colleagues, community workers, or other professionals, where appropriate
  • Providing acute rehabilitation in local hospitals, the community, or as part of an NGO or emergency medical team
  • Providing training for patient handling, specialized trauma care and rehabilitation
  • Assessing, prescribing, fitting, and providing assistive devices and providing training in use and maintenance.
  • As PTs, very crucial ang psychological first aid to us. We are also very highly involved in response.
41
Q

T/F

The goal in the initial response is to rehabilitate.

A

FALSE

The goal in the initial response is to save lives.

42
Q

T/F

Physical therapists remain underutilized in disaster response due to a complex interplay of factors, including personal and social factors, organization support, professional practice and operational considerations

A

TRUE

43
Q
  • “Build Back Better”
  • Capacity building and planning service delivery, accessibility, and inclusion.

What is being described?

A

Recovery

44
Q

T/F

  1. An estimated 1.3 billion people experience significant disability. This represents 16% of the world’s population, or 1 in 6 of us (WHO, 2023).
  2. 20% of persons with disabilities do not have an individual preparedness plan for disasters (UNDRR, 2013).
  3. Only 20% of persons with disability say they would be capable of evacuating immediately in the event of a disaster (UNDRR, 2013).
  4. About 90% of persons living with disabilities have not participated in community disaster management and risk reduction processes in their communities
A
  1. TRUE
  2. FALSE: 71% of persons with disabilities do not have an individual preparedness plan for disasters (UNDRR, 2013).
  3. TRUE
  4. FALSE: About 85% of persons living with disabilities have not participated in community disaster management and risk reduction processes in their communities
45
Q

MODIFIED T/F

A. Despite evidence showing that people with disabilities are disproportionately affected during crises, they are often included from humanitarian activities.
B. Disability issues should be addressed in all humanitarian action as highlighted in Article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of persons with Disabilities (WHO, 2010).

A

FT

A. Despite evidence showing that people with disabilities are disproportionately affected during crises, they are often EXCLUDED from humanitarian activities.

46
Q

T/F

The role of CBR is to assist people with disabilities, their family members and communities to prepare for potential humanitarian crises; ensure that humanitarian response and recovery is inclusive of people with disabilities; and link people with disabilities and their family members to services and assistance provided through humanitarian channels (WHO, 2010).

A

TRUE

47
Q

T/F

Community-based DRRM is a process where at-risk communities are passively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at heat of decision-making and implementation of DRRM activities (Bawagan, 2011).

A

FALSE

Community-based DRRM is a process where at-risk communities are ACTIVELY engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at heat of decision-making and implementation of DRRM activities (Bawagan, 2011).

48
Q

Give at least 2 of the WHO’s desired outcomes in CBR

A
  • People with disabilities and their families are prepared to respond during humanitarian crises,
  • People with disabilities and their families are identified and their needs addressed during humanitarian response.
  • People with disabilities are included in planning and implementation of humanitarian and recovery programming.
  • Infrastructure that is rebuilt following a humanitarian crisis is physically accessible to people with disabilities.
  • Services and support that are re-established or developed following a crisis are accessible and respond to the needs of people with disabilities.
49
Q

T/F
Suggested activities (WHO, 2010)

  1. Prepare people with disabilities for potential crises.
  2. Ensure emergency response excludes people with disabilities
  3. Assist people with disabilities to restore and/or enhance their quality of life during the recovery phase.
A
  1. TRUE
  2. Ensure emergency response is inclusive of people with disabilities
  3. TRUE
50
Q

T/F

Disaster happens when hazards interact with vulnerabilities and resilience.

A

FALSE

Disaster happens when hazards interact with vulnerabilities and exposure.

51
Q

Disability happens when health conditions
interact with ________________________ factors

A

Disability happens when health conditions
interact with personal and environmental factors

52
Q

Give 3 ways to prepare people with disabilities for potential crises.

A
  • Raising awareness on the importance of disability inclusion
  • Informing people with disabilities about preparedness activities in their communities and encouraging their participation.
  • Identifying and registering people with disabilities in the community, noting where they live and what their needs are.
  • Ensuring copies of the persons with disability databases are kept in different locations as information
  • Providing advice to relevant stakeholders on making preparedness measures accessible
  • Encouraging and supporting people with disabilities and their families to develop preparedness measures at home.
53
Q

T/F

Disaster managers have wide knowledge on the roles of PTs in DRRM

A

FALSE

Disaster managers have limited knowledge on the roles of PTs in DRRM

54
Q

T/F

Limited training and education opportunities are available for PTs in DRRM

A

TRUE

55
Q

MODIFIED T/F
CHALLENGES IN DRRM

A. DRRM is a novel practice area for PTs in the Philippines
B. There are many disaggregated data on persons with disabilities.

A

TF

B. Lack of disaggregated data on persons with disabilities.

56
Q

What are the 7 stages in the process shown in the cluster approach?

A

Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Disaster
Response
Recovery
Reconstruction

57
Q

CLUSTER APPROACH
MATCHING TYPE

  1. Health
  2. Logistics
  3. Nutrition
  4. Protection
  5. Shelter

A. UNICEF
B.WHO
C. WFP
D. IFRC, UNHCR
E. UNHCR

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
  4. E
  5. D
58
Q

CLUSTER APPROACH
MATCHING TYPE

  1. Water Sanitation and Hygiene
  2. Early Recovery
  3. Education
  4. Emergency Telecommunications
  5. Food & Security

A. UNICEF & Save the Children
B. WFP
C. UNICEF
D. UNDP
E. WFP & FAO

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B
  5. E

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