S1: Cranial Nerves (VIII, IX, X, XI, XII) Flashcards
Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve
- Vestibular & Cochlear Parts
Anatomy of Vestibular Nerve
Lesiion in Vestibular Nerve
- vertigo, incoordination of the ipsilateral limbs, and spontaneous nystagmus.
Anatomy of Cochlear Nerve
Lesion in Cochlear Nerve
Tinnitus and deafness may be due to:
- Tumors: acoustic neurinoma, CPA meningiomar brainstem glioma.
- Basal meningitis
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Nature
Mixed but mainly sensory
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Anatomy
Vagus Nerve
- Nature
Mixed but mainly motor.
Vagus Nerve
- Carries …..
- Motor fibers to bronchial tree, esophagus, bile ducts, and gall bladder.
- Secretory fibers to stomach and pancreas.
- Inhibitory fibers to the heart.
Vagus Nerve
- Visceral sensory fibers carry ….
visceral sensation from the pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and esophagus.
Vagus Nerve
- The somatic sensory fibers carry …..
sensation from the ear.
Vagus Nerve
- The somatic motor fibers arise from …..
nucleus ambiguous; supply soft palate, pharynx, and larynx.
Accessory Nerve
- natire
Purely motor nerve.
Accessory Nerve
- Anatomy of Cranial Part
- Arises from the nucleus ambigus of the medulla
- Together leave the skull through the jaguar foramen
- joins the Vagus to supply the pharynx and larynx.
Accessory Nerve
- anatomy of spinal Part
- Arises from the AHCs of the upper 5 cervical segments of the spinal cord → enter the skull through the F. magnum
- Together leave the skull through the jaguar foramen
joins the Vagus to supply the pharynx and larynx. - Descends in the neck between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, to supply the sternomastoid & trapezius muscles.
Lesion in Glossophryngeal Nerve
Unilateral paralysis of the gu cranial nerve leads to:
- Loss of taste & anesthesia over the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
- Weakness of movement of pharyngeal wall on side of the lesion
Lesion in Vagus Nerve
Unilateral or Bilateral
Lesion in Vagus Nerve
- unilateral
- Dyspnea.
- Dysphagia
- HOV with nasal tonation
- Ipsilateral palatal & pharyngeal paralysis with absence of palatal and pharyngeal reflexes → nasal regurgitation of fluids
Lesion in Vagus Nerve
- Bilateral
- Dysarthria.
- Dysphagia
- Nasal regurgitation of fluids
- HOV
- Paralysis of palatal, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
- Irregularities ofheart beats and respiration
Lesion in Accessory Nerve
Spinal Accessory nerve lesion:
- Unilateral lesion: causes ipsilateral paresis or paralysis of the sternomastoid and upper part of the trapezius.
- Bilaterallesion: produces paralysis of both sternomastoid & both trapezii
Lesion in Accessory Nerve
- Uni
- Unilateral lesion: causes ipsilateral paresis or paralysis of the sternomastoid and upper part of the trapezius.
Lesion in Accessory Nerve
- Bi
- Bilateral lesion: produces paralysis of both sternomastoid & both trapezii
Anatomy of Hypoglossal Nerve
Lesion in Hypoglossal Nerve
Lesion in Hypoglossal Nerve
- UMNL & Unilateral
deviation of the tongue to the opposite side of the lesion (hemiplegic side) on Protrusion
Lesion in Hypoglossal Nerve
- UMNL & Bilateral
- Small, tight, spastic tongue with inability to protrude the tongue, dysarthria, and exaggerated jaw jerk.
Lesion in Hypoglossal Nerve
- LMNL & Unilareral
paralysis of the corresponding half of the tongue, wasting + fasciculation and deviation of the tongue to the paralyzed side on protrusion.
Lesion in Hypoglossal Nerve
- LMNL & Bilateral
Bilateral paralysis, wasting and fasciculation, with inability to protrudes the tongue and dysarthria
