S & P lec 2 Flashcards
__ types of perception
4 1 form 2 depth 3 colour 4 auditory
define
form perception
that way the brain
orders =colour, brightness, lines, shapes,
perceives = words from letters
___ early approach to the ___ of ___ ___ =
one
problem
form perception
Gestalt Psychology
define
gestalt psychology
theory = states that the task of perception is to identify objects of the environment and according to the organisation of their elements
Gestalt psychologists believed __
the whole is more than the sum of its parts
gestalt psychologists created a number of ___
laws that described the way elements and grouped and organised by the visual system
example of Gestalt’s law
2
define the 1st
2
1 = law of proximity
2 = law of similarity
law of proximity
= elements that are closest together will be perceived as belonging together
e.g vertical lines made of dots
define
law of similarity
similar colours/objects get grouped together
define
depth perception
interpretting 2-D, 3-D
perceiving distance between objects
interposition or occlusion??
examples of depth perception (8)
8
1 linear perspective 2 texture cues 3 atmosphere haze 4 height in the field of elevation ( objects closer to horizon appear = further 5 motion parallax 6 binocular disparity and stereopsis 7 Muller lyre illusion 8 ponzo illusion
our perception of size is closely associated with
our perception of distance
if depth/distance perceived = size perceived
stimulus of colour perception
light = form of electromagnetic radiation
occurs in waves
define
wavelength
the distance between adjacent waves of radiant energy.
in vision, most closely associated with perceptual dimension of hue
short wavlength vs long wavlength image
short wavlength = more peaks and troughs in a set horizontal distance
_ dimensions of colour
3
1 = hue
2= brightness
3=saturation
define
hue
one of the 3 dimensions of colour
different wavelengths tend to be perceived as diff. hues
short wavlengths = violet/blue/green
long wavlengths = orange/red
white light made up of =
the entire spectrum of visible wavlength
differences in wavelength alone don’t account for the differences in colour we perceive.
define
brightness
one of the 3 dimensions of colour
the amplitude of the light wave affects the perceived brightness of the colour
greater/higher the amplitude the brighter the colour
define
saturation
one of the 3 dimensions of colour
=purity of the light
the more white a colour contains the less saturated it is
e.g grey and black
grey = more white = less sat
black= less white = more sat
Define
colour mixing
2 types
the addition of 2 or more lights of diff wavlengths
1= additive colour mixing
2=subtractive colour mixing
define
additive colour mixing
one of the 2 types of colour mixing
superimposing lights.
puts more light into the mixture that exists in one light by itself
e.g red + blue + green => white
define
subtractive colour mixing
one of the 2 types of colour mixing
removing some wavlength of light, leaving less light than was originally there
example
yellow, cyan and magenta => black
which type of colour mixing is the following
red+ green + blue =>
cyan + yellow + magenta =>
white = additive
black = subtractive
_ theories of colour perception
2
1= trichromatic theory of colour vision 2= opponent process theory of colour vision
define
trichromatic theory of colour vision
one of the 2 theories of colour perception
any colour could be matched by the additive mixture of just 3 appropriate colour
Young-Helmholtz theory = the human eye has 3 types of receptors (cones) with differing sensitivities to diff light wavelengths
it is the ration of neural activity among these 3 types of receptors that determine the colour percept
define
opponent process theory of colour vision
one of the 2 types theories of colour perception
the trichromatic theory could not explain all the aspects of colour vision (e.g Negative afterimages)
Hering proposed the opponent process theory of colour vision
colour perception depends on receptors that ______
make antagonistic (opposite) responses to 3 pairs of colour
red vs green
yellow vs blue
black vs white
_conclusions of colour perceotion theories
3
1= both trichromatic and opponent process theory required to explain colour vision
2= cone receptor stage follows trichromatic theory principles
3= later stages appear to follow opponent process theory principles
Define
auditory perception
one of the 4 types of perception
auditory system (hearing)
