Done applied psych

Question 1

Units of language

Answer 1

Phoneme> morpheme > word> phrase> sentence

Question 2

examle of
talked

phoneme
morpheme
word

Answer 2

phoneme tok - t
morpheme talk-ed
word = talked

Question 3

__ phoemes in english

Answer 3

46

Question 4

cross linguistic average of __ phoemes

Answer 4

25

Question 5

some languages use

Answer 5

tones (tonemes)
durations (chronemes)
all 3 = tonemes, chronemes, phoneme

Question 6

define

morpheme

Answer 6

smallest part of speech with meaning = abstract concept

not syllable or word

Question 7

categorise language

cat
cats
unhelpful
mice

Answer 7

cat
1 phoneme
1 morpheme
1 word

cats
2 morphemes
1 phoneme/ syllable
1 word

unhelpful
3 mophemes
3 phonemes/syllables
1 word

mice
2 morphemes
2 phoneme
1 word

Question 8

__ views on child language

Answer 8

2

1=organism/nativist (nature)
2=environmental learning (nurture)

Question 9

define

nature view

Answer 9

1 of 2 views of child languages

organism/nativist
a = hardware = biology
b= softwaare = cognition

LAD and the innateness hypothesis (Chomsky)

Universal Grammar and “Parameter setting” ( Pinker, the language instinct)

Question 10

define

nurture view

Answer 10

1 of 2 views

environment/learning
a= social interaction
b=environmental events

Language development follows general principle of learning and reinforcement ( Skinner, Verbal behaviour)

Question 11

define

compromise of social interactionism

Answer 11

social interactionism

= emphasis on social interaction but acknowledges role of biology and stresses the importance of child-directed speech- caretakerese
(Bruner; Berko-Gleason)

Question 12

Primate language

gua
viki

Answer 12

Winthrop and Luella Kellogg

Gua chimpanzee raised with ^ son

at 16 months gua = understood 100 english words

Gua didn’t progress any further and could not speak words

Viki = learned about 6 english words

chimpanzees don’t have a vocal apparatus suitable for human speech

Question 13

Primate language
ASL

washoe
koko

Answer 13

Gardner

Washoe
age 5 = 132 signs
2, 3-word sentences
produced novel words

washoe taught adopted daughter ASL when no human presence

Terrace = attempted to replicate ^ work through skinnerian reinforcement contingencies

koko
could understand 2000 spoken words
could sign 500 words in GSL

could string upto 7 words to form a sentence

able to express emotions and understand abstract concepts like pregnancy and death
IQ 70-75

Question 14

GSL =

Answer 14

gorilla sign language

Question 15

Kanzi

Answer 15

exposed to yerkish keyboard from 6 months

was not interested in yerkish keyboard but mother was trained to

kanzi attempted to imitate human speech in terms of pitch and intonation

started to use keyboard spontaneously when weaned from mum

immediate comprehension of skills that were taught to ither chimps.
used symbols to request thins

Question 16

Alex

Answer 16

parrot
irene pepperberg

vocab = 150 words
recognised quantities up to 6 
distinguish 7 colours
5 shapes
understand concepts of bigger, smaller, same, diff, over, under

Question 17

noam chomsky

Answer 17

atempting to teach linguistic skills to animals is like trying to teach humans to flap their arms and fly

Question 18

stephen pinker

Answer 18

in my mind this kind of research is more analogous to the bears of the moscow circus who are trained to ride unicycles

Question 19

daniel willingham

Answer 19

the main question has been answered: apes cannot learn language or much of anything like language

Question 20

conclusions

Answer 20

achieved vocabs 300+ words
produced novel words and sentences
expressed ideas about past, future

in some cases taught their siblings and children language (ASL or Yerkish)

Question 21

applied cog psych define and _

Answer 21

= application of knowledge and methods about human cognitive capabilities and limitations to the design of tools, procedures, and systems in everyday life

3

1= human factors psychology
2=cognitive ergonomics
3=engineering psychology

Question 22

advertising psychology

Answer 22

exposed to as many as 3,500 ads per day

brand loyalty established = 2yr olds

most effective ads work without you being aware of having seen them

advertisers rely heavily on psychological principles to design their campaigns

Question 23

Walter Dill Scott=

Answer 23

student of Wilhelm wundt

theory of advertising
the psychology of advertising

Question 24

Stanley B. Resor=

Answer 24

“laws” of human behaviour and use of scientific investigation

Question 25

greatest copywriter in their generation

Answer 25

Helen Bayless Lansdowne Resor

Question 26

___ and ___ images grab our attention __

Answer 26

novelty motion in automatically

Question 27

techniques to enhance memorability

Answer 27

6 ``` jingles slogans taglines logos story schemas repetition ```

Question 28

HEM =

Answer 28

hedonic emotional model = transformational ads associate the product with affective characteristics and increase emotional involvement with the product

Question 29

affective association works implicitly via =

Answer 29

classical conditioning

Question 30

The (Mere( exposure effect=

Answer 30

familiarity leads to liking a product

Question 31

product placement =

Answer 31

getting brand/product into public eye no explicit message extremely popular even though traditional measures of success (recall tests) show weak or mixed results

Question 32

forensic psychology =types

Answer 32

4 types 1=detection of deception 2= eyewitness identification 3= jury decision-making 4= interview techniques and offender profiling

Question 33

forensic psychology roles =

Answer 33

4 ``` 1= clinical 2= advisory 3= actuarial 4= experimental ```

Question 34

define clinical

Answer 34

assessments of ability, capacity, treatibility, rehabilitation in prison etc

Question 35

define experimental

Answer 35

conducting psychological research with implication for the law- eyewitness memory, jury decision-making etc

Question 36

define actuarial

Answer 36

evaluating evidence, archival research to determine the liklihood of some occurrence (like CS) may involve being an expert witness

Question 37

define advisory

Answer 37

assisting in jury selection, lawyer selection, offender profilinf, interviewing, etc

Question 38

Jury decision-making

Answer 38

recency effects in the order of evidence presentation e.g guilt increased after each prosecution presentation decreased after each defense presentation

Question 39

schema effects in jury deliberation=

Answer 39

jurors organise and interpret trial evidence to fit narrative or story schema evidence presented witness by witness or chronologically (event-based) chronological sequence more likely to produce verdicts consistent with the story schema

Question 40

consumer product design

Answer 40

user interface design, operability and usability error-free and instruction-free designs accessible for disabled users aesthetics and Hedonomics

Question 41

sports psychology=

Answer 41

perception and attention expertise and automaticity proceduralisation of motor performance representation of domain knowledge decision making (athletes, judges)

Question 42

transport psychology =

Answer 42

3 1= interested in applied cognition 2=significant effects on quality of life 3= significant public health issue 35% of all preventable deaths in nz no. 1 cause of death in nz under 35yrs