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Done applied psych Flashcards

1
Q

Units of language

A

Phoneme> morpheme > word> phrase> sentence

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2
Q

examle of
talked

phoneme
morpheme
word

A

phoneme tok - t
morpheme talk-ed
word = talked

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3
Q

__ phoemes in english

A

46

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4
Q

cross linguistic average of __ phoemes

A

25

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5
Q

some languages use

A

tones (tonemes)
durations (chronemes)
all 3 = tonemes, chronemes, phoneme

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6
Q

define

morpheme

A

smallest part of speech with meaning = abstract concept

not syllable or word

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7
Q

categorise language

cat
cats
unhelpful
mice

A

cat
1 phoneme
1 morpheme
1 word

cats
2 morphemes
1 phoneme/ syllable
1 word

unhelpful
3 mophemes
3 phonemes/syllables
1 word

mice
2 morphemes
2 phoneme
1 word

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8
Q

__ views on child language

A

2

1=organism/nativist (nature)
2=environmental learning (nurture)

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9
Q

define

nature view

A

1 of 2 views of child languages

organism/nativist
a = hardware = biology
b= softwaare = cognition

LAD and the innateness hypothesis (Chomsky)

Universal Grammar and “Parameter setting” ( Pinker, the language instinct)

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10
Q

define

nurture view

A

1 of 2 views

environment/learning
a= social interaction
b=environmental events

Language development follows general principle of learning and reinforcement ( Skinner, Verbal behaviour)

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11
Q

define

compromise of social interactionism

A

social interactionism

= emphasis on social interaction but acknowledges role of biology and stresses the importance of child-directed speech- caretakerese
(Bruner; Berko-Gleason)

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12
Q

Primate language

gua
viki

A

Winthrop and Luella Kellogg

Gua chimpanzee raised with ^ son

at 16 months gua = understood 100 english words

Gua didn’t progress any further and could not speak words

Viki = learned about 6 english words

chimpanzees don’t have a vocal apparatus suitable for human speech

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13
Q

Primate language
ASL

washoe
koko

A

Gardner

Washoe
age 5 = 132 signs
2, 3-word sentences
produced novel words

washoe taught adopted daughter ASL when no human presence

Terrace = attempted to replicate ^ work through skinnerian reinforcement contingencies

koko
could understand 2000 spoken words
could sign 500 words in GSL

could string upto 7 words to form a sentence

able to express emotions and understand abstract concepts like pregnancy and death
IQ 70-75

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14
Q

GSL =

A

gorilla sign language

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15
Q

Kanzi

A

exposed to yerkish keyboard from 6 months

was not interested in yerkish keyboard but mother was trained to

kanzi attempted to imitate human speech in terms of pitch and intonation

started to use keyboard spontaneously when weaned from mum

immediate comprehension of skills that were taught to ither chimps.
used symbols to request thins

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16
Q

Alex

A

parrot
irene pepperberg

vocab = 150 words
recognised quantities up to 6 
distinguish 7 colours
5 shapes
understand concepts of bigger, smaller, same, diff, over, under
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17
Q

noam chomsky

A

atempting to teach linguistic skills to animals is like trying to teach humans to flap their arms and fly

18
Q

stephen pinker

A

in my mind this kind of research is more analogous to the bears of the moscow circus who are trained to ride unicycles

19
Q

daniel willingham

A

the main question has been answered: apes cannot learn language or much of anything like language

20
Q

conclusions

A

achieved vocabs 300+ words
produced novel words and sentences
expressed ideas about past, future

in some cases taught their siblings and children language (ASL or Yerkish)

21
Q

applied cog psych define and _

A

= application of knowledge and methods about human cognitive capabilities and limitations to the design of tools, procedures, and systems in everyday life

3

1= human factors psychology
2=cognitive ergonomics
3=engineering psychology

22
Q

advertising psychology

A

exposed to as many as 3,500 ads per day

brand loyalty established = 2yr olds

most effective ads work without you being aware of having seen them

advertisers rely heavily on psychological principles to design their campaigns

23
Q

Walter Dill Scott=

A

student of Wilhelm wundt

theory of advertising
the psychology of advertising

24
Q

Stanley B. Resor=

A

“laws” of human behaviour and use of scientific investigation

25
Q

greatest copywriter in their generation

A

Helen Bayless Lansdowne Resor

26
Q

___ and ___ images grab our attention __

A

novelty
motion in
automatically

27
Q

techniques to enhance memorability

A

6

jingles
slogans
taglines
logos
story schemas
repetition
28
Q

HEM =

A

hedonic emotional model

= transformational ads associate the product with affective characteristics and increase emotional involvement with the product

29
Q

affective association works implicitly via =

A

classical conditioning

30
Q

The (Mere( exposure effect=

A

familiarity leads to liking a product

31
Q

product placement =

A

getting brand/product into public eye no explicit message

extremely popular even though traditional measures of success (recall tests) show weak or mixed results

32
Q

forensic psychology =types

A

4 types

1=detection of deception
2= eyewitness identification
3= jury decision-making
4= interview techniques and offender profiling

33
Q

forensic psychology roles =

A

4

1= clinical
2= advisory
3= actuarial
4= experimental
34
Q

define clinical

A

assessments of ability, capacity, treatibility, rehabilitation in prison etc

35
Q

define experimental

A

conducting psychological research with implication for the law- eyewitness memory, jury decision-making etc

36
Q

define actuarial

A

evaluating evidence, archival research to determine the liklihood of some occurrence (like CS) may involve being an expert witness

37
Q

define advisory

A

assisting in jury selection, lawyer selection, offender profilinf, interviewing, etc

38
Q

Jury decision-making

A

recency effects in the order of evidence presentation

e.g guilt increased after each prosecution presentation
decreased after each defense presentation

39
Q

schema effects in jury deliberation=

A

jurors organise and interpret trial evidence to fit narrative or story schema

evidence presented witness by witness or chronologically (event-based)

chronological sequence more likely to produce verdicts consistent with the story schema

40
Q

consumer product design

A

user interface design, operability and usability

error-free and instruction-free designs

accessible for disabled users

aesthetics and Hedonomics

41
Q

sports psychology=

A

perception and attention

expertise and automaticity proceduralisation of motor performance

representation of domain knowledge

decision making (athletes, judges)

42
Q

transport psychology =

A

3

1= interested in applied cognition
2=significant effects on quality of life
3= significant public health issue

35% of all preventable deaths in nz

no. 1 cause of death in nz under 35yrs

. (18 decks)

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