Done learning lec 1 Flashcards
define
learning
any enduring change in the way an organism responds based on previous experience
behaviourism aka =
behaviour analysis
scientific study of learning that investigates the relationship between observable environmental and behavioural variables
_ learning types
3
1 = classical 2 = operant 3= cognitive & social theories
underlying principle of behaviourism =
pragmatism
ultimate goal of behaviourism =
prediction and influence of behaviour
_ types of non-associative learning
2
1 habituation
2 sensitization
define habituation =
the decreasing strength of a reflex response after repeated presentation of the stimulus
define
sensitization
the repeated presentation of a stimulus increases an organisms’s responsiveness
story of little albert
John watson
Rosalie rayner
set out to prove that not all behaviour is innate
conditioned to fear a white rat = conditioned emotional response
= also demonstrated fear in other furry objects
classical conditioning =
Ivan Pavlov
studied salivation in dogs
aka Pavlovian / respondent conditioning
response through which a NS paired with a UCS => UCR
after repeated presentation =>
NS => elicits response without UCS
and NS becomes CS => CR
define
UCS UC CR UCR CS NS
UCS = unconditioned stimulus
UC = unconditioned
CR = conditioned response
UCR = unconditioned response
CS = conditioned stimulus
NS = neutral stimilus
__ types of classical conditioning
4
1 = forwrad (delayed and trace) 2 = backwards 3= simultaneous 4 = second order
define forward conditioning =
type of classical conditioning
effective ( both types)
but delay can’t be more than a few seconds
which type(s) of conditioning does(do) not work as well as __=
backwards
simultaneous
as well as forward conditioning
define
second order conditioning
aka high-order = encompasses 3rd 4th etc
the CS is paired with NS
after repeated exposure = the NS ( now CS2) elicits => CR
_ more concepts of stimulus =
3
1 = stimulus generalization 2 = stimulus discrimination 3 = extinction
define stimulus generalization =
tendency for the CR to be elicited by similar ( not identical) to the CS
opp. of stimulus discrimination
define
stimulus discrimination =
tendency for the CR to be elicited only by stimuli very similiar/identical to CS
often achieved through exposure to situations of various NS and never paired with the UCS
define
extinction
process by which a CR comes to be eliminated through the repeated presentations of the CS without presence of the UCS
define
spontaneous recovery =
CS again elicits the CR after extinction has occured
forget about forgetting
following multiple extinction trials = CS no longer elicits the CR
but the CS is re-established very rapidly as soon as it is again paired with UCS
other minor categories of classical conditioning
hunger, taste, immune system responses, sexual arousal etc
define
biological preparedness =
food aversion = prepared to learn associations between food stimuli ( smell/taste) and nausea
danger = visual stimuli often easier to condition
drug conditioning =
drugs = UCS
drug tolerance = UCR
causes a compensatory response in organism
UCR in the opp. direction of the UCS
UCS + NS => UCR
x n
NS now CS => CR
the compensatory response CR occurs before drug ingestion- drug tolerance
drug tolerance is the lessening of a physiological and behavioral effects caused by a drug through the repeated use of that drug
shepard siegal et al experimented =
heroin in rats
when experienced drug taker takes drug in new enviro. there is less of a compensatory response and risk of overdose is increased
