done S & P lec 1

Question 1

define

sensation

Answer 1

is when stimulation of the environment causes a phy
feeling of ..

the process by which sensory organs gather information about the environment and transmit it to the brain for initial processing

Question 2

define

perception

Answer 2

process by which the brain

selects, organises and interprets sensory information/sensations

Question 3

the first psychologist

Answer 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

Wilhelm wundt contributed to __

Answer 4

the theory of sense perception

Question 5

why is the complexity of perception often underapprecaited

Answer 5

because it often occurs effortlessly/ without conscious thought

Question 6

define

psychology

Answer 6

the science of behaviour and study of the brain

Question 7

fMRI

Answer 7

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 8

what are the methods used to study neuroscience

Answer 8

fMRI,
elcectrophyisology,
computer modelling

Question 9

what are the 2 questions we ask when studying something?

Answer 9

when does the system fail and why does it fail

Question 10

what is the S & P pathway ( stimulus to brain)

Answer 10

stimulus (physical energy e.g light) => sensory receptor cells (A in physiology) => brain (perception)

Question 11

stimulation for vision

___

Answer 11

light

Question 12

define

visible light

Answer 12

form of EMR = electromagnetic radiation

waves vary in amplitude and wavelength

Question 13

define

transduction

Answer 13

the process involved in converting stimulation information into neural impulses

Question 14

define

retina

Answer 14

a layer of tissue found at the back inside surface of the eye
contains
-photoreceptors
-associated neurons

therefore involved in

• absorbs light
• image processing
• sends visual infor to the brain

contains rods and cones ( photoreceptors)

Question 15

what is the collective function of __ and __ on the retina

the result is

Answer 15

cornea and lens => focus light on the retina

resulting image = inverted and flat

Question 16

define

accommodation

Answer 16

process in which the lens curvature adjusts to alter visual focus

Question 17

function
pupil

Answer 17

controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

size affects image sharpness (depth of field).

Question 18

define

iris

Answer 18

2 bands of muscle located on either sides of the pupil.

controls the size of the pupil.

Question 19

pupil small =

Answer 19

large depth of field =? close objects blury

Question 20

pupil large =

Answer 20

small depth of field = distant objects = blury

Question 21

receptors in the eye face

Answer 21

away from light (backwards)

Question 22

function 
cone receptor

Answer 22

day vision
colour vision
high visual acitvity

Question 23

function 
rod receptor

Answer 23

night vision
monochromatic vision
low vision activity

Question 24

blind spot aka ___ location

Answer 24

optic disk

hole located in the retina where the nerve bundles connecting the retina pass through

Question 25

define | fovea aka

Answer 25

central focus point small region located in the retina that only contains cone receptors thus acuity is best in foveal region

Question 26

define | dark adaptation

Answer 26

the process in which the eye becomes more sensitive to light in low illumination

Question 27

psychophysical methods

Answer 27

methods used to understand perception

Question 28

psychophysics AKA __ = | 2 definitions

Answer 28

physics of the mind the study of the relationship between the attributes of the physical world and our psychological experiences of them. the study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and the sensory experiencfes that accompany them.

Question 29

define | threshold

Answer 29

the point at which a stimulus or change in the value of a stimulus can just be detected by the observer

Question 30

define | absolute threshold

Answer 30

the minimum amount of physical energy required to detect a stimulus. absolute threshold is 50% of time

Question 31

when can we detect stimuli

Answer 31

when our perception of various sensory inputs can only occur when the strength of a stimulus reaches a minimal or threshold level of intensity

Question 32

JND AKA ___ =

Answer 32

Just Noticeable Difference difference threshold The lowest level of stimulation required to sense a change in stimulation. The minimum difference between two stimuli needed to detect the difference 50% of the time.

Question 33

example of a psychophysical method

Answer 33

changing brightness of a light

Question 34

method of limits =

Answer 34

is an example of early classical psychophysical method

Question 35

modern techniques of psychophysical methods

Answer 35

more sophisticated methods to control for observer biases