done b and N lec 1

Question 1

define

cognitive mapping

Answer 1

the predictive power of the collective spatial firing of hippocampal neurons - McNaughton

Question 2

define

topographical

Answer 2

relating to the arrangement /accurate representation of physical features of physical features of an area

Question 3

define

neuroplasticity

Answer 3

the brain has the capacity to alter its functioning in response to the behaviour it produces.

Question 4

define

behavioural neuroscience

Answer 4

the relationship between brain activity and behaviour. Both affect each other.

Question 5

2 types of approached for the mind-body problem

Answer 5

2
1 Dualistic approach => descartes
2 monoistic approach

Question 6

define

dualistic approach

Answer 6

mind and body aren’t connected.
body => ordinary matter
mind = not made of ordinary matter (spiritual?)

Question 7

define

monoistic approach

Answer 7

Da vinci

mind are body are connected.
everything in the universe - made of matter and energy

mind - phenomenon - produced from the workings of the nervous system

mind IS the body

Question 8

The golden age of neuroscience encompased the ___

Answer 8

visualisation of the living brain

Question 9

methods/processes used to visualise the living brain

Answer 9

2
MRI
fMRI

MRI = studies brain anatomy
functional MRI = studies the brain function

Question 10

2 types of nervous systems

Answer 10

CNS central
PNS peripheral

CNS
spinal cord
brain

PNS
somatic => voluntary muscles
autonomic => involuntary muscles

Question 11

2 states of the organism’s NS

Answer 11

sympathetic NS
parasympathetic NS

sympathetic NS = expenditure of energy, fight or flight

parasympathetic NS = conserves energy, relaxation

Question 12

S = sympathetic
P = parasympathetic

salivary glands stimulated _
pupils dilated _
increased respiration _
decreased heart rate _
bronchial passages constricted _
Digestion stimulated _
bladder contracted _

Answer 12

salivary glands stimulated = p
pupils dilated = S
increased resp = S
decreased heart rate = P
bronchial passages constricted = P
digestion stimulated = P
bladder contracted = P

Question 13

effects of breathing on sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

Answer 13

sympathetic = inhalation

increased heart rate
constricts blood vessels in skin
increased bp

exhalation => para

Question 14

motor neuron =

Answer 14

efferent eway from the body

Question 15

sensory neuron=

Answer 15

afferent

Question 16

define

neuron

Answer 16

the basic elements responsible for carrying sensory information from the environment to the body, storing the information, reaching a decision and controlling muscle activity

Question 17

define

Glia cells

Answer 17

are collectively the support cells in the NS

Question 18

function 
Glia cell

Answer 18

3

1 produces myelin
2 excretion (removes dead neurons)
3 nutrition (transport of nutritious substances)

Question 19

action potential aka ___ =

Answer 19

electric pulse

relatively slow = 30m/s

Question 20

withdrawal reflex 2 steps

Answer 20

2

1
the interneuron ( neuron between motor and sensory neuron) excited motor neuron => muscle contracts

2
the muscle contraction => causes the muscle to move away (withdraw) from the pain source

Question 21

2 types of synapses

Answer 21

2
1 excitatory
2 inhibitory

Question 22

define
inhibitory synpase
effect __

Answer 22

releases a transmitter substance that inhibits the receiving neuron
EPSP = excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 23

define
excitatory synapse
effect _

Answer 23

releases a transmitter substance that excites the receiving neuron
IPSP = inhibotory postsynaptic potential

Question 24

6 important neurotransmitters

Answer 24

6
1 acetylcholine
2 dopamine
3 seratonin
4 norepinephrine
5 GABA 
6 endorphin

Question 25

aetylcholine serotonin dopamine

Answer 25

serotonin = mood, sleep, eating, trasmitting pain and pleasure dopamine = reward system, voluntary movement regulation acetylcholine = CNS, PNS, messages to muscles learning, memory

Question 26

norepinephrine

Answer 26

``` neural circuits learning memory wakefulness eating ```

Question 27

GABA

Answer 27

major inhibitory neurotransmitter | regulates - arousal, anxiety lvs

Question 28

Endorphin

Answer 28

natual pain relief | involved - emotional behaviour

Question 29

2 types of psychoactive drugs..

Answer 29

transmitter agonist | transmitter antagonist

Question 30

depressants stimulants hallucinogens other

Answer 30

depressants= alcohol, opiate, sedatives stimulants - nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens = LSD, PCP, cannabis other ..

Question 31

effect of psychoactive drugs = general

Answer 31

addiction withdrawal = reuptakes. drug tolerance = needs more than original dose

Question 32

Transmitter agonist =

Answer 32

enhance action of neurotransmitter

Question 33

transmitter antagonist =

Answer 33

decrease action of neurotransmitter

Question 34

Effective psychoactive drugs = specific for agonistic and antagonistic transmitters

Answer 34

agonists block reuptake => blocks chemical deactivation=> mimics neurotransmitter => sends raw material antagonist blocks receptors=> blocks release of transmitters

Question 35

effects of amphetamine =

Answer 35

drug high drug tolerance withdrawal drug high =amphetamine blocks reuptake and dopamine sends raw material withdrawal = increased reuptake