S Inheritance And Variation Flashcards

1
Q

sexual reproduction definition

A

Sexual reproduction involves two parents where the Male and female gametes join together to form a zygote

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2
Q

What happens in sexual reproduction

A

Genetic information from 2 different individuals combines together during fertillsation to produce offspring

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3
Q

asexual reproduction definition

A

Involves one parent with the offspring having identical genetic information to the parent

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4
Q

Which has greater variation? Asexual or sexual offspring?

A

The offspring produced by sexual reproduction show much greater variation than the offspring produced by asexual reproduction

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5
Q

Example of asexual reproduction

A

Strawberry plants, onions, potato plants

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6
Q

When does asexual reproduction occur

A

Occurs in one-celled organisms called amoeba

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7
Q

variation definition

A

The way members of the same species differ is known as variation

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8
Q

What is responsible for variation

A

Changes in DNA are responsible for variation, these changes are called mutations

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9
Q

species definition

A

A species is a group of organisms that can breed with each other and produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

fertile definition

A

Means that an organism is capable of producing young

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11
Q

What is the shape of DNA called and what is it made of

A

A double helix and it is made of sugar and phosphates

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12
Q

What are the steps in the helix of DNA called?

A

They are called steps

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13
Q

What are the steps of DNA made of

A
They are made of four bases, 
Adenine(A),
Thymine(T),
Guanine(G),
Cytosine(C)
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14
Q

chromosomes definition

A

Chromosomes are made up of lengths of DNA wrapped around protein

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15
Q

How many chromosomes does a Male and female have

A

They both have 23 pairs

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16
Q

Genes definition

A

Genes are lengths of DNA along a chromosome. Each gene controls the making of a particular protein

17
Q

What per cent of DNA in human chromosomes is in the form of Genes and what is the other per cent

A

Only 3 percent are in the form of Gene’s and the other 97 percent is often referred to as junk DNA because It doesn’t code for anything

18
Q

How many Gene’s do humans have on their 23 chromosomes

A

25,000 on their 23 chromosomes

19
Q

Where are the pairs of Gene’s controlling a particular trait located?

A

Each gene on a chromosome has a corresponding gene controlling the same trait on the same place on its partner chromosome

20
Q

How many Gene’s do we have for each trait

21
Q

How does the environment affect characteristics

A

If an acorn possessed Gene’s to grow tall and strong but was planted in very poor soil it would not grow very well

22
Q

What did Gregor Mendel discover and what plant did he use to figure this out

A

Gregor used pea plants and crossed them in order to find a pattern in the inheritance of certain traits

23
Q

Gregor mendel discovered…

A

Cells of an organism carry 2 Gene’s for the control of each trait and gametes(sex organs) carry only one factor for each trait

24
Q

inheritance definition

A

Inheritance is the way traits are passed from the parents to Offspring

25
What did mendel mean by factor
What Mendel called Factor is known as Gene
26
Examples of non inherited traits in human beings
The ability to cycle a bike, play football, speak foreign language
27
Examples of inherited traits in Humans
Eye colour, hair colour, blood type, earlobes, widow's peak
28
What traits in humans are controlled by more than one pair of Gene's
Eg. Intelligence and height
29
What is gene expression?
This is when the protein a gene is controlling is actually made
30
What does genotype mean
Genes an organism possesses for example two genes for brown eyes
31
What does phenotype mean
The traits that can be seen in the organism
32
What does dominant mean
A gene that prevents another gene from working (being expressed)
33
What does recessive mean
A gene that is prevented from being expressed (working)
34
What are letters used in genetic crosses to denote
They are used to denote Gene's, dominant genes are given capital letters and recessive genes are given small letters
35
What does DNA stand for?
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid