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Science > S Inheritance And Variation > Flashcards

S Inheritance And Variation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sexual reproduction definition

A

Sexual reproduction involves two parents where the Male and female gametes join together to form a zygote

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2
Q

What happens in sexual reproduction

A

Genetic information from 2 different individuals combines together during fertillsation to produce offspring

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3
Q

asexual reproduction definition

A

Involves one parent with the offspring having identical genetic information to the parent

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4
Q

Which has greater variation? Asexual or sexual offspring?

A

The offspring produced by sexual reproduction show much greater variation than the offspring produced by asexual reproduction

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5
Q

Example of asexual reproduction

A

Strawberry plants, onions, potato plants

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6
Q

When does asexual reproduction occur

A

Occurs in one-celled organisms called amoeba

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7
Q

variation definition

A

The way members of the same species differ is known as variation

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8
Q

What is responsible for variation

A

Changes in DNA are responsible for variation, these changes are called mutations

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9
Q

species definition

A

A species is a group of organisms that can breed with each other and produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

fertile definition

A

Means that an organism is capable of producing young

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11
Q

What is the shape of DNA called and what is it made of

A

A double helix and it is made of sugar and phosphates

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12
Q

What are the steps in the helix of DNA called?

A

They are called steps

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13
Q

What are the steps of DNA made of

A 
They are made of four bases, 
Adenine(A),
Thymine(T),
Guanine(G),
Cytosine(C)
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14
Q

chromosomes definition

A

Chromosomes are made up of lengths of DNA wrapped around protein

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15
Q

How many chromosomes does a Male and female have

A

They both have 23 pairs

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16
Q

Genes definition

A

Genes are lengths of DNA along a chromosome. Each gene controls the making of a particular protein

17
Q

What per cent of DNA in human chromosomes is in the form of Genes and what is the other per cent

A

Only 3 percent are in the form of Gene’s and the other 97 percent is often referred to as junk DNA because It doesn’t code for anything

18
Q

How many Gene’s do humans have on their 23 chromosomes

A

25,000 on their 23 chromosomes

19
Q

Where are the pairs of Gene’s controlling a particular trait located?

A

Each gene on a chromosome has a corresponding gene controlling the same trait on the same place on its partner chromosome

20
Q

How many Gene’s do we have for each trait

A

2

21
Q

How does the environment affect characteristics

A

If an acorn possessed Gene’s to grow tall and strong but was planted in very poor soil it would not grow very well

22
Q

What did Gregor Mendel discover and what plant did he use to figure this out

A

Gregor used pea plants and crossed them in order to find a pattern in the inheritance of certain traits

23
Q

Gregor mendel discovered…

A

Cells of an organism carry 2 Gene’s for the control of each trait and gametes(sex organs) carry only one factor for each trait

24
Q

inheritance definition

A

Inheritance is the way traits are passed from the parents to Offspring

25
Q

What did mendel mean by factor

A

What Mendel called Factor is known as Gene

26
Q

Examples of non inherited traits in human beings

A

The ability to cycle a bike, play football, speak foreign language

27
Q

Examples of inherited traits in Humans

A

Eye colour, hair colour, blood type, earlobes, widow’s peak

28
Q

What traits in humans are controlled by more than one pair of Gene’s

A

Eg. Intelligence and height

29
Q

What is gene expression?

A

This is when the protein a gene is controlling is actually made

30
Q

What does genotype mean

A

Genes an organism possesses for example two genes for brown eyes

31
Q

What does phenotype mean

A

The traits that can be seen in the organism

32
Q

What does dominant mean

A

A gene that prevents another gene from working (being expressed)

33
Q

What does recessive mean

A

A gene that is prevented from being expressed (working)

34
Q

What are letters used in genetic crosses to denote

A

They are used to denote Gene’s, dominant genes are given capital letters and recessive genes are given small letters

35
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

Science (36 decks)

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