Materials

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that occupies space and mass

Question 2

What do all three states of matter do?

Answer 2

They all occupy space and have mass.

Question 3

test to prove that gas occupies space and has mass.

Answer 3

An inflated balloon has a greater mass than a deflated balloon.
Blowing air into a gas jar full of water making the water level in the jar fall to make room for the gas.

Question 4

Examples of each state of mass

Answer 4

Wood is a solid, water is a liquid, air Is a gas

Question 5

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 5

the three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas

Question 6

What does the word property mean?

Answer 6

The word property means how a substance appears or behaves.

Question 7

What are some common properties of solids?

Answer 7

They have a definite shape.
They have a definite volume.
Solids do not flow. Hard to compress.

Question 8

What are some properties of liquids?

Answer 8

Liquids have no definite shape.
Liquids have a definite volume.
Liquids flow easily. Hard to compress.

Question 9

What are some properties of gases?

Answer 9

Gases have no definite shape.
Gases have no definite volume.
Gases can be compressed easily e.g compressed air for divers in cylinders.
Diffuse to fill all available space.

Question 10

What theory do scientists use to explain the properties of all states of matter?

Answer 10

The theory is called the particle theory

Question 11

What does the particle theory say about solids?

Answer 11

Solid particles are packed together in fixed positions giving the solid a fixed shape. They have strong forces holding the particles together. The particles do not move but can vibrate.

Question 12

What does the particle theory say about liquids?

Answer 12

Liquid particles have more freedom of movement than in a solid. The particles in a liquid can slide over each other. This is why liquids can flow.
As there is no regular arrangement of particles, the liquid has no shape of its own.

Question 13

What does the particle theory say about gases?

Answer 13

In gases, the particles are farther apart than in a liquid or solid. The particles can move quickly into all the space available. There are very weak forces between the particles and lots of space making it easier to squeeze them into a smaller volume/compress them.

Question 14

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 14

Diffusion is the spreading out of materials due to the movement of their particles.

Question 15

What does diffusion take place quickly with and why?

Answer 15

Diffusion takes place quickly with gases because the particles of the gas are moving fast and there are only weak forces between the particles.

Question 16

What does diffusion take much longer with than gases? and why? Give an example of this.

Answer 16

Diffusion is much slower in liquids because the particles are moving slowly.
Place a drop of coloured liquid into a beaker of water and watch the colour slowly spread throughout the beaker of water.

Question 17

What is diffusion in solids like?

Answer 17

Since solid particles are not free to move about, any diffusion that occurs is much too slow to be easily seen.

Question 18

_____ and _____ have the ability to _____, they are commonly referred to as ____.

Answer 18

Liquids and gases have the ability to flow, they are commonly referred to as fluids.

Question 19

What happens when a solid changes state to a liquid by melting?

Answer 19

When a solid is heated, the heat energy causes the particle to vibrate.
As heating continues, the particles vibrate faster and faster.
Eventually, the particles break free and begin to slide over each other.
The solid has now melted to form a liquid.

Question 20

What is the definition of the melting point?

Answer 20

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

Question 21

What is sublimation?

Answer 21

A small number of solids change directly from a solid to a gas when heated.

Question 22

What are the small number of solids that change directly from a solid to a gas when heated called?

Answer 22

Sublimation

Question 23

Definition of evaporation

Answer 23

Evaporation is the changing of a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid.

Question 24

What happens when a liquid boils?

Answer 24

When a liquid is heated, the particles get more energy and move faster and faster.
Eventually, the particles break away from the liquid state and form a gas.
When a certain temp is reached, particles of gas form throughout the liquid and not just at the surface. The liquid is now boiling.
When a liquid is boiling the particles are escaping from all parts of the liquid very quickly.
Bubbles of gas are seen forming inside the liquid. The boiling point of the liquid has now been reached.

Question 25

What is the boiling point?

Answer 25

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas throughout the liquid.

Question 26

True or false. Different liquids have different boiling points.

Answer 26

true. Different liquids have different boiling points.

Question 27

What is the boiling point of water?

Answer 27

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees celsius

Question 28

What is the boiling point of ethanol?

Answer 28

The boiling point of ethanol is 78 degrees celsius.

Question 29

Definition of condensation?

Answer 29

Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid

Question 30

What do we call a change of state?

Answer 30

When a solid melts to form a liquid or a liquid evaporates to form a gas.

Question 31

Explain the process of condensation and give an example of this in everyday life.

Answer 31

When a gas is cooled, the particles slow down and a liquid is formed.
Condensation is often seen in a kitchen when steam (gas) meets the much colder glass in a window.

Question 32

List the various changes of state.

Answer 32

1. Solid < freezing < 2. liquid < condensing < 3. gas
2. Solid > melting > 2. liquid > boiling > 3. gas
3. Particles vibrate about fixed positions.
4. Particles slide over each other
5. Gas particles move around at high speed