Human Health Flashcards
What is health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What are inherited characteristics
inherited characteristics are those that are controlled by DNA
What are inherited characteristics influence by
The environment
________ + ________ = ________
Genotype + environment = phenotype
Every process and every reaction in the human body is controlled by what
And example sof them
Chemicals
E.g enzymes and hormones
What does amylase and Maltase do
Amylase breaks down starch to Maltose
Maltase breaks down maltose to glucose
What are enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions, for example, digestion and respiration
What are hormones
Hormones are proteins that bring about responses in the body
There is a _____ controlling the ______ of each ______ and each _______ in the body
There is a gene controlling the making of each enzyme and each hormone in the body
Examples of: Inherited disorders Mutated gene Symptoms Treatment
Cystic fibrosis
The gene that makes a protein to control salt coming out of cells
Respiratory system can become clogged with mucus
Phisiotherapy antibiotics
Environmental factors that affect human health include the following:
Where a person lives The air they breathe The food they eat The water they drink Alcohol intake Drugs intake The people they interact with The radiation they are exposed to Whether they smoke or not Amount of physical activity Relaxation
Nutrition definition
Nutrition is concerned with how an organism gets its food and what type of food it gets
What is a balanced diet
A balanced diet includes the correct amount of protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals, vitamins and water a person needs depending on
Age
Gender
Activity
The benefits of eating healthy are
A lower risk of disease, for example, heart disease, cancer and diabetes
A healthy body mass
Feeling better
Deficiency diseases definition
Deficiency diseases are disease caused by the lack of a particular food
Why is Water essential to human health
It is a solvent in the body
the blood is mostly composed of water
water is needed for all enzyme actions
it helps maintain body temperature at 37°C
it helps flush toxins (poisons) out of the body
To test a food sample for starch
Iodine is added to the food
if the iodine remains orange-brown starch is absent
if the iodine turns blue black starch is present
To test a food sample for glucose
Method
A sample of food is placed in a test tube
the same volume of Benedict’s solution is added to the food
the Test Tube is placed in a hot water bath for a few minutes
the colour of the Benedict’s solution is recorded
Result
If the Benedict’s solution stays blue, glucose is absent
if the Benedict’s solution turns brick red glucose is present
To test a food sample for protein
Method
A sample of food is placed in test tube
The same volume of sodium hydroxide is added to the food
3 to 4 drops of copper sulfate is added to the food
the colour of the solution is recorded
Result
If the biuret solution (sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate) stays blue, protein is absent
if the biuret solution turns violet, protein is present.
Test a food sample for fat
Method
sample of food is rubbed onto brown paper
the food is removed from the paper and the paper is allowed to dry
the papers held up to the light to see if it is stained
result
if the paper does not have a stain that is absent. If the paper has a stain that is translucent fat is present
The amount of energy that you get from food is known as what
Energy value
Energy value is measured in what per Gram
Kilojoules (kj)
The benefits of Regular activity to health are enormous. The benefits include protection against the following diseases
Some forms of cancer, stroke, heart disease, osteoporosis, diabetes
What can smoking cause
Illness
