Russia - Collectivisation and 5 Year Plans Flashcards
What did collectivisation and the 5 year plans replace?
The NEP
New Economic Policy
How far behind did Stalin say the USSR to the capitalist countries?
How long did they have to catch up?
“50 to 100 years behind the west”
It would take 10 years to catch up or they will be “crushed”.
What is the Russian Word for a collective farm?
Kolkhoz
Kolkhozy was the plural.
How many private farms were there in the USSR before collectivisation?
How many kolkozy would be created there after?
20,000,000 privately owned farms
200,000 Collective farms.
How many “kulaks” were killed during collectivisation?
3,000,000
Many were simply accused to be kulaks in order to be killed and fill out the quota or full prison camps.
Many more millions had died of starvation during famines from killing their own cattle, breaking tools to avoid joining the farms.
What was the “Holodomor”?
A bad famine from 1932-33 in Ukraine.
“Holodomor” means deliberately created in Ukrainian.
Sometime it resorted to cannibalism.
What was important about the city of Magnetogorsk?
It was a steel-making city that was built by hand from nothing in the East of the Ural Mountains.
It was built far from the border to avoid being captured.
Who were Gosplan?
A state planning department.
They set targets for every industry in every region of the USSR.
What were Stakhanovites?
They were hard-workers inspired by the coal-miner, Alexei Stakhanov.
Supposedly, Stakhanov mined 100 tons of coal in one shift.
It was used by the government to motivate the workers by giving them extra privilege and rewards.
What was the Dnieper dam?
The largest hydro-electric dam in Europe.
Made as a showpiece project to show of how advanced the USSR was.
Average lifespan of the soviet tractors?
70 Hours
They were very low quality and therefore did not often last very long.
The strict targets set meant that often the products were not high quality. Shortcuts and poor quality products were often a result.
Why did the 3rd Five Year Plan end?
The USSR was invaded.
The Nazi operation “Operation Babarossa” began the invasion of the USSR. The focus then switched to production of weapons and resources for the war.
