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Higher History > Russia - 1917 Revolution > Flashcards

Russia - 1917 Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 5 main causes of the 1917 revolution?

A
  • Workers
  • Peasants
  • WWI
  • Nicholas II
  • Tsarina
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2
Q

What was the most important factor in causing the 1917 revolution?

(sorry Joe if you’re using these)

A

WW1

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3
Q

When did the Battle of Tannenberg occur?

A

August 1914

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4
Q

How many Russian soldiers were killed/captured/wounded during the Battle of Tannenberg?

A

30,000

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5
Q

How many Russian soldiers escaped during the Battle of Tannenberg?

A

10,000

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6
Q

Why did the Battle of Tannenberg help to cause the 1917 revolution?

A
  • Defeat reflected poorly on Tsar
  • Seen as incompetent at controlling his armies
  • Lost loyalty from his soldiers so more difficult to quell revolutions
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7
Q

How many Russian soldiers were there during WW1?

A

6 million

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8
Q

How many rifles were there for Russian soldiers?

A

4.5 million

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9
Q

How many shells per day were artillery units limited to?

A

3 per day

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10
Q

Why did the lack of equipment during WW1 reflect badly on the Tsar?

A
  • Seen as incapable of properly looking after his men
  • Government unable to efficiently run army and so shouldn’t be in power
  • Soldiers turned against him
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11
Q

What was the Brusilov Offensive?

A

Successful offensive against Austria-Hungary

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12
Q

When did the Brusilov Offensive occur?

A

1916

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13
Q

How many Austria-Hungarian soldiers were killed/captured? How did this effect Austria-Hungary?

A
  • Half of the Austria-Hungarian army

- Almost knocked them out of the war entirely

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14
Q

Why did the Brusilov Offensive reflect positively on the Tsar?

A
  • Showed Tsar could successfully lead an army in battle
  • Russian army started to achieve more military successes closer to 1917 (revolution)
  • Made Tsar look more competent
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15
Q

What was the Duma called when they reformed after disbanding for WW1?

A

Progressive Bloc

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16
Q

What fraction of the Duma made up the Progressive Bloc?

A

2/3

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17
Q

Why was it a key error to ignore the Progressive Bloc?

A
  • Turned a major political force in Petrograd against the Tsar, hence turned people against the Tsar
  • Caused more dislike of the Tsar
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18
Q

What position did the Tsar take on later in WW1?

A

Commander in Chief of the Russian army

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19
Q

When did the Tsar become Commander in Chief?

A

August 1915

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20
Q

Why did the Tsar being Commander in Chief effect his image negatively?

A
  • Any defeat of the Russian army could be directly linked to the Tsar
  • Loss of life/injuries due to war were Tsar’s responsibility
  • Lack of equipment directly Tsar’s fault
  • Turned more people against him
21
Q

When were the major defeats of the Russian army during WW1? Near the start or end of the war?

A

Start

22
Q

Why was the Tsar’s position as Commander in Chief less impactful on causing the 1917 revolution?

A
  • Major losses happened at start of war, before Tsar became Commander in Chief
  • After Tsar took over, Russian started winning battles, such as the Brusilov Offensive
  • Partially reflected positively on Tsar
23
Q

What was the average life expectancy of a peasant during the early 19th century?

A

Around 40

24
Q

Why was the life-expectancy for peasants so low? Give 3 reasons.

A
  • Poor housing
  • High taxes
  • Difficult conditions
  • Shortage of land
25
Q

Where did the government try to encourage peasants to move to? Why was this?

A
  • Siberia

- To create more land for peasants

26
Q

Why did the government’s aim to move peasants to Siberia not work?

A
  • Conditions were too harsh
  • Unable to farm/make a living
  • Forced to move back
27
Q

How many peasants families moved back from Siberia? What did this mean?

A
  • Around half

- Still land shortages

28
Q

Why peasant living conditions a cause of the revolution?

A
  • Poor living conditions caused unrest + discontent

- Less support of the Tsar + more likely to revolt

29
Q

Why were land shortages a contributing factor to the revolution?

A
  • Land shortages meant peasants couldn’t provide for themselves or feed their families
  • Led to unrest + discontent
30
Q

How did the Agrarian reforms help to appease peasants’ wants?

A
  • Land bank meant that peasants could afford land independently thanks to loans, could provide for themselves
  • Redemption payments abolished so less families in poverty
31
Q

Why did the Agrarian reforms help to prevent the 1917 revolution?

A
  • Peasants were content so less likely to revolt

- More loyal to the Tsar

32
Q

What significant strikes happened after 1905?

A

Strikes at Lena Gold Mines

33
Q

How many died in the Lena Gold mine strikes?

A

200

34
Q

Why was Petrograd hard to provide with food?

A
  • Railways poor

- Far away from farmland

35
Q

How much did food prices rise due to WW1?

A

Food prices quadrupled

36
Q

How much did wages increase by 1917?

A

Wages doubled

37
Q

Why did the severe punishment of the Lena Gold mines lead to the revolution?

A
  • Workers unable to express political views due to harsh punishment
  • Made unrest more common due to anger at Tsar
38
Q

How did food prices and wages contribute to the 1917 revolution?

A
  • Workers unhappy due to poor living conditions

- Discontent spread which made strikes and revolution more likely

39
Q

Why was the impact of rationing less significant in causing revolution?

A
  • Other countries were fairing much worse

- These countries did not experience revolution as a result

40
Q

What countries were struggling with rationing during WW1?

A
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Turkey
41
Q

How did Rapsutin make the Russian government unstable?

A
  • Convinced Tsarina to dismiss reliable + experienced ministers
  • Took bribes to implement less experienced + useless ministers
42
Q

Why were these new ministers implemented through bribes poor for the Russian government?

A
  • Made government look incompetent

- Ministers couldn’t make good decisions for the country due to lack of political experience

43
Q

How many Prime Ministers did Russia have in 18 months?

A

4

44
Q

How many Foreign Ministers did Russia have in 18 months?

A

3

45
Q

How many War Ministers did Russia have in 18 months?

A

3

46
Q

Why did “ministerial leap-frogging” help lead to revolution?

A
  • Made government look unstable + not fit to rule

- Allowed more citizens to question Russian government

47
Q

When was Rasputin assassinated?

A

December 1916

48
Q

Why did Rasputin’s assassination mean that the Tsarina’s action weren’t the sole cause of the revolution?

A
  • If Rasputin was key in causing the revolution, it would have occurred while he was alive

Higher History (16 decks)

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