Ireland - Knowledge Flashcards
What period of time does this subtopic cover?
1880-1914
What happened in the IRB rising of 1867?
Bombed police car to free IRB members
Why did the actions of the Gaelic league seem less impressive in comparison to the 1867 IRB rising?
- Only taught Gaelic + encouraged Irish holidays, such as St Patrick’s Day
- No violence, didn’t stick in the minds of people
When was the Gaelic Athletic Association formed?
1884
Who wasn’t allowed to join the GAA?
Anyone who represented Britain, e.g soldiers, policemen
Why did the restrictions on who could join the GAA raise tensions in Ireland?
- Strong stand against the British
- Showed desire for separation
How many seats did the Liberals win in 1910?
272 seats
What was the impact of the Liberals winning seats in 1910?
They needed Irish Nationalist Parties to pass bills because the Liberals didn’t have a landslide majority
Why were the unionists unhappy about Liberals winning seats in 1910?
- Forced Liberals to pass Home Rule Bill
- Unionists didn’t like HRB
- Raised tensions in Ireland
What was the MP John Bright’s Unionist slogan?
“Home Rule means Rome Rule”
What was Edward Carson’s slogan?
“Ulster will fight and Ulster will be right”
Why did these slogans heighten tensions?
- Slogans were sectarian + violent
- Invited anger from both sides
- Strongly political + emotive
How many members did the UVF have by the end of 1913?
90,000
How were the UVF different to the IRB?
- Publicly willing to die for the cause
- IRB were an underground operation
Why was Sinn Fein less impactful on tensions than the IRB/UVF?
- Sinn Fein declined in popularity + support after 1905
- UVF grew in popularity
Why was the Literary Revival less impactful on tensions?
Only upper/middle class effected by Literary Revival
Why were differences between the north and south less impactful on tensions?
Protestants still identified as Irish and wanted Ireland to be united
When was the UVF set up?
January 1913
When was the IVF set up?
November 1913
How did the creation of the UVF + IVF raise tensions?
- Showed both sides were willing to fight for their cause
- Heightened chance for a civil war
What was the Curragh Incident?
- Mutiny against British command from British troops in Ireland
What was Ne Temere and when was it passed?
- No marriages between protestants + catholics
- 1907
How were the UVF + IVF treated differently?
- UVF got away with gun smuggling
- 3 IVF shot dead
When was the 3rd Home Rule Bill introduced and which party opposed it?
- April 1912
- The Conservatives
- Lead by Andrew Bonar Law
Why did the 3rd Home Bill upset unionists even more?
- The main way to prevent HRB had been removed (removal of House of Lords)
- Unionists concerned due to threat of HRB
Why was the threat of the HRB less scary for unionists?
HRB seemed inevitable as there had been so many previously
Why were the responses to the HRB less scary than they seemed?
- Attempts were made to find a peaceful revolution
- E.g Buckingham Palace Conference, 1914 July)
Belfast had the biggest _______ in the world during 19th/20th century.
- Shipyard
- Rope-works
- Tobacco factory
Why did Belfast’s industrialisation cause tensions?
- Northerners more rich due to industrialisation
- Large amount of agriculture in south meant that south was more poor
- Contrast created tension + increased chances of civil war
What was the Ulster Covenant?
A petition against the Home Rule Bill
Who created the Ulster Covenant?
Sir James Craig
When was the Ulster Covenant created?
28th September 1912
How many people signed the Ulster Covenant?
More than 470,000
Why was the Ulster Covenant an important contribution to rising tensions?
- Showed strong opposition to HRB
- More tension between nationalists and unionists
When was Sinn Fein set up?
1904/05
Who founded Sinn Fein?
Arthur Griffith
How many seats did Sinn Fein win in the 1905 North Leitrim Election?
1157 seats
Why were the results of the North Leitrim Election influential?
- Showed catholics were becoming more and more extreme
- More tensions between unionists + republicans
What percentage of people in the north were protestant?
56% protestant in Ulster
What percentage of people in the south were catholic?
Over 90% catholic in the South
Why was the split of catholic and protestant impactful on tensions?
- Sectarianism
- Distinct differences between north and south
- Raised tensions + increased threat of a civil war
Who were 2 key authors in the Irish Cultural Revival?
- W.B Yeats
- Alice Milligan
Why was the Irish Cultural Revival an increase to tensions?
- Painted Britain to be oppressive
- Something to be overthrown
- Inspired radical thinking
When was the Irish Republican Brotherhood formed?
1858
When was the IRB’s most notable uprising?
1867
Why was the IRB’s uprising still impactful even though it failed?
- Inspired those around them to take action
- Increased chance of civil war
- Raised tensions
