Pre-1905 - Plan Flashcards

1
Q

Background 1

A
  • Nicholas II crowned 1894

- Follow father’s autocracy

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2
Q

Background 2

A
  • Size + geography makes Russia challenging to rule

- Famines + land shortages meant rural communities suffered

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3
Q

Background 3

A
  • High rent + low wages in urban areas

- Poor housing + disease

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4
Q

Factors

A
  • Political Opposition
  • Russification
  • Okhrana
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5
Q

Line of Argument

A
  • Overall, rather secure
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6
Q

PO - K1

A
  • Kept underground

- No major communication between groups

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7
Q

PO - K2

A
  • No freedom of speech allowed
  • Censorship of the newspapers
  • Limited opposition
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8
Q

PO - A1

A
  • Lack of organisation
  • No big revolution or revolt
  • Less of a threat
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9
Q

PO - A2

A
  • No one allowed to speak out against Tsar

- No opposition so Tsarist state was secure

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10
Q

PO - A+

A
  • People’s Will able to assassinate Alexander II
  • Powerful + did have an impact
  • Could pose a threat
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11
Q

PO - E

A
  • Less of a threat as other groups weren’t successful
  • “Call to the People” and “Land and Liberty”
  • Attempted to educate peasants to turn them against Tsar; failed due to superstition + suspicion of strangers
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12
Q

R - K1

A
  • Forced Russian ethnic groups to be more Russian

- Enforced Russian language, religion, traditions, etc

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13
Q

R - K2

A
  • Certain areas were done well
  • Turkestan
  • Respect to existing cultures
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14
Q

R - A1

A
  • More people felt a part of the Russian identity

- Less likely to revolt so more secure

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15
Q

R - A2

A
  • Effective at making different cultures feel Russian

- Didn’t turn people against Tsar so made state more secure

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16
Q

R - A+

A
  • Marginalised ethnic groups
  • Encouraged uprisings
  • Finland
17
Q

R - E

A
  • Uprisings had small impact
  • Tsar encouraged Russian people to blame smaller nationalities for Russia’s problems
  • Everyone turned against small ethnic groups who revolted
18
Q

O - K1

A
  • 2,500 Okhrana

- Public thought there was 40,000

19
Q

O - K2

A
  • 55,000 names
  • 20,000 photos
  • 5,000 revolutionary publications
  • By 1900
20
Q

O - A1

A
  • Less likely to revolt from fear of being watched

- Fewer threats to Tsarist state

21
Q

O - A2

A
  • Effective at gathering info + neutralising threats
  • Fewer groups acting against Tsar
  • Made state more secure
22
Q

O - A+

A
  • Unable to spy on people abroad
  • Lenin’s work in London
  • Sent abroad as punishment
23
Q

O - E

A
  • Exiled +300,000 people to Siberia, sent +10,000 to forced labour camps
  • No photos taken of Okhrana after 1911, fake names + identities, frequently changed addresses
  • Effectively dealt with threats through harsh punishment + secrecy