Pre-1905 - Plan Flashcards
1
Q
Background 1
A
- Nicholas II crowned 1894
- Follow father’s autocracy
2
Q
Background 2
A
- Size + geography makes Russia challenging to rule
- Famines + land shortages meant rural communities suffered
3
Q
Background 3
A
- High rent + low wages in urban areas
- Poor housing + disease
4
Q
Factors
A
- Political Opposition
- Russification
- Okhrana
5
Q
Line of Argument
A
- Overall, rather secure
6
Q
PO - K1
A
- Kept underground
- No major communication between groups
7
Q
PO - K2
A
- No freedom of speech allowed
- Censorship of the newspapers
- Limited opposition
8
Q
PO - A1
A
- Lack of organisation
- No big revolution or revolt
- Less of a threat
9
Q
PO - A2
A
- No one allowed to speak out against Tsar
- No opposition so Tsarist state was secure
10
Q
PO - A+
A
- People’s Will able to assassinate Alexander II
- Powerful + did have an impact
- Could pose a threat
11
Q
PO - E
A
- Less of a threat as other groups weren’t successful
- “Call to the People” and “Land and Liberty”
- Attempted to educate peasants to turn them against Tsar; failed due to superstition + suspicion of strangers
12
Q
R - K1
A
- Forced Russian ethnic groups to be more Russian
- Enforced Russian language, religion, traditions, etc
13
Q
R - K2
A
- Certain areas were done well
- Turkestan
- Respect to existing cultures
14
Q
R - A1
A
- More people felt a part of the Russian identity
- Less likely to revolt so more secure
15
Q
R - A2
A
- Effective at making different cultures feel Russian
- Didn’t turn people against Tsar so made state more secure
16
Q
R - A+
A
- Marginalised ethnic groups
- Encouraged uprisings
- Finland
17
Q
R - E
A
- Uprisings had small impact
- Tsar encouraged Russian people to blame smaller nationalities for Russia’s problems
- Everyone turned against small ethnic groups who revolted
18
Q
O - K1
A
- 2,500 Okhrana
- Public thought there was 40,000
19
Q
O - K2
A
- 55,000 names
- 20,000 photos
- 5,000 revolutionary publications
- By 1900
20
Q
O - A1
A
- Less likely to revolt from fear of being watched
- Fewer threats to Tsarist state
21
Q
O - A2
A
- Effective at gathering info + neutralising threats
- Fewer groups acting against Tsar
- Made state more secure
22
Q
O - A+
A
- Unable to spy on people abroad
- Lenin’s work in London
- Sent abroad as punishment
23
Q
O - E
A
- Exiled +300,000 people to Siberia, sent +10,000 to forced labour camps
- No photos taken of Okhrana after 1911, fake names + identities, frequently changed addresses
- Effectively dealt with threats through harsh punishment + secrecy
