Russia 1894-1945: end of tsardom

Question 1

Name the tsarist methods of control- state infrastructure

Answer 1

autocratic government
nobilty
the law
okhrana
orthodox church

Question 2

who was the Empire of Russia ruled by

Answer 2

empire of russian ruled by series of Tsars who ran country as autocrats only tsar governed Russia

Question 3

who were the nobility

Answer 3

Upper-class men who owns all the land and was dependent on the Tsar

Question 4

what was the law in russia at the time

Answer 4

Tsarist legal system is designed to support autocracy and tsarist authority —> no government
no ways in which tsarist power could be challenged

Question 5

who were the okhrana?

Answer 5

Large police system—> would report suspicious behaviour and destroy subversive groups

Question 6

What was the Orthodox church

Answer 6

Tsar - head of Orthodox church

church reinforce his authority any challenge to the little father was an insult to God this was a form of propaganda

Question 7

What was the only way to challenge the Tsar

Answer 7

Through acts of rebellion

Question 8

Name 4 groups that opposed the Tsar

Answer 8

Karl Marx theory
Social revolutionaries
Mensheviks
Bolsheviks

Question 9

What was the short-term causes of the 1905 revolution?

Answer 9

Defeat in the war with Japan

-was humiliating for Russia and it brought attention to the Tsars regime

Question 10

What were the 3 long-term causes of the 1905 revolution

Answer 10

Many middle-class people wanted greater democracy in Russia
Problems with famine
poor working conditions

Question 11

What was the spark of the 1905 revolution and why did it occur

Answer 11

Bloody Sunday - Cossacks panicked and shot at the factory workers protesting

Question 12

What year did the Tsar issue his October manifesto & why

Answer 12

1905

to survive as a leader after the increasing numbers in strikes

Question 13

What did the tsars October manifesto promise

Answer 13

-Political reform

Duma (elected national
parliament) to be set up- no laws passed until approved by duma

censorship= loosened & freedom of speech encouraged

more nights to gather for discussions and meetings

Question 14

What were the reactions to the Tsars October manifesto

• who was satisfied
• who wasnt satisfied

Answer 14

Liberals were satisfied

Kadets (rich peasants) wanted reform to go further

social revolutionaries, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were critical of the manifesto as it didn’t give any more power to peasants/workers

Question 15

What occurred in January 1905

• how many protesters
• Marching where
• Led by who
• What happened as a result

Answer 15

BLOODY SUNDAY- 200,000 peaceful protesters marched through St Petersburg towards winter palace led by father gapon to hand petition asking for change

troops panicked an open fire

ppl- angry which led to more strikes

Question 16

How long did the first and 2nd Duma last and why did they not last long

Answer 16

First and second duma - v critical of the Tsar

lasted less than a year

Question 17

How long did the third Duma last & why did he last longer than the first and second Duma

Answer 17

lasted until 1912

much Less critical of Tsar

but in 1912 he was becoming critical of the Tsars ministers and policies

Question 18

In what year did tsar appoint new prime minister

what was his name

Answer 18

1906

Peter Stolypin

Question 19

What was the name of Stolypins approach to the problems of Russia

Answer 19

Used ‘carrot and stick’ approach

Question 20

What was the stick idea and what other name did it also develop

what was the carrot idea

Answer 20

The stick- 20,000 exiled 1000 hanged

the carrot- Tried to win over peasants with land

Question 21

How was the stick effective

How was the carrot effective

Answer 21

the stick- effectively killed off opposition to regime in countryside

the carrot- Production rose

Question 22

When was Stolypin assassinated

Answer 22

1911

Question 23

When did Russia enter World War I

Answer 23

August 1914

Question 24

Name five impacts of military defeat in the tsarist government

Answer 24

Russian soldiers didn’t stand a chance against the well-trained German army

Suffered major defeat at Tannenberg and Masurian lakes

Soldiers badly lead and treated by Aristocrat officers

Short of weapons and clothing

Tsar = weak leader- ppl held him responsible for deaths of loved ones

Question 25

Name the five social and economic effects of the war on the countryside and the cities

Answer 25

Villages lost up to 13% of population

Discontent in cities

3.5 million new jobs but no extra wages/better living and working conditions

Shortage of food and fuel in cities