Elizabethan England- Puritans Flashcards
What was Elizabeth’s religious settlement
-a compromise she set out to bring aspects of both Protestantism and Catholocism together
Who were the Puritans
why were they left dissatisfied as a result of Elizabeth’s religious settlement
-puritans were small groups of extreme protestants. They hoped E would bring about the England they dreamed of but Elizabeth’s religious settlement was a huge disappointment to them
What did the Puritans want to occur to the Church of England
or them, the religious settlement of 1559 was only a first step in purifying the Church of England - they wanted further reforms that would make the Church more Protestant.
What did the Puritans want to remove from the England Church and why
They were strongly anti-Catholic and wanted to remove all traces of Catholicism from the Church
What did the Puritans believe all Priests should be and why was this unusal
They thought all priests should be well educated so that they’d be able to preach
At the time, this was unusual - many priests lacked the education and didn’t preach at all.
Puritans also encouraged education of ordinary people, so they would be read and understand the Bible for themselves.
What did the more radical Puritans want
-why was this a threat to Elizabeth
wanted to get rid of the Church hierarchy of archbishops, bishops, etc.
This view was a threat to Elizabeth because it called into question her authority as Supreme Governor of the Church - the head of the hierarchy.
What did Puritans introduce in the 1570s
By the 1570s, the Puritans were concerned about the lack of educated priests who were able to preach. So they introduced ‘prophesying’s’ - a kind of training to teach priests how to preach.
What did Elizabeth order as a result of hearing about the prophesyings
Elizabeth thought ‘prophesyings’ would encourage more Puritan opposition to the religious settlement. In 1576, she ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Grindal, to put a stop to them.
What did Grindal do in response to Elizabeth’s orders to stop prophseyings
Grindal (a moderate Puritan) thought the ‘prophesyings’ were good for the Church, so he refused to obey Elizabeth’s order. This made Elizabeth furious - she suspended Grindal and put him under house arrest.
-due to this more and more puritans sepreated themselves totally from the mainstream church
What occurred in 1580 and 1582
- 1580- a new seperatist church was established in Norwich
- 1582- second church was set up in london in 1592
- leaders were arrested and some hung
What Puritan threat occurred in 1571
How did Elizabeth act as a result of walter Strickland stating about his desire to reform E’s prayer books
Elizabeth silenced him by closing Parliament so his ideas could not be discussed.
What Puritan threat occurred from 1575-83
-In 1575-83- Some Puritan clergy started organising prayer meetings known as ‘prophesyings’ which displeased Elizabeth. In these meetings Puritans took a freer approach to prayer and did not follow what Elizabeth had specified. She was concerned ideas might spread that challenged the Religious Settlement.
How did Elizabeth react to the Puritan threats from 1575-83
Elizabeth ordered her new Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Grindal, to ban the meetings but he protested. She suspended him, suggested he resign, and 200 Puritan priests were expelled from their roles. Grindal then apologised and was reinstated.
What Puritan threat occurred from 1583
The Puritan, John Stubbs, published a pamphlet criticising Elizabeth’s on-going marriage negotiations with the brother of the Catholic French king.
How did Elizabeth react to the Puritan threats from 1583
Stubbs was found guilty of stirring up trouble and sentenced to have had his right hand cut off.
How much of a threat were the Puritans compared to the Catholics
- Catholics had support if the Pope- in Pope Pius V papal bull he excommunicated E from catholic Church and called Catholics to end her rule- this increased catholic threat as people now saw it as their duty to rise up against Elizabeth
- Whereas despite Puritans having the support from Dudley and Walsingham (puritans and also members of privy council)- these leaders did nothing to put Elizabeth’s life at risk- Puritans less of a threat
- Papal excommunication then stirred up rebellions- Ridolfi plot (1571)- throckmorton (1583)- babington (1586)- these threatened E life
- whereas puritans introduced prophesyings- to educate priests- would often include strong criticism of E church. were less of a threat to E as they didn’t plot against her life
- Catholics- more of threat- had foreign support- college at Douai- priests were being trained in Netherlands- these would travel to England as missionaries and convert English back to Catholic faith-
- Jesuits- converted protestants to catholic faith- increased catholic rebellion and threat towards E
-whereas puritans had no foreign support
Say in bullet points How much of a threat were the Puritans compared to the Catholics
- catholics- support of pope- papal bull- rise in protests
- puritans less of threat as- dudley and walsingham (puritans)- supported puritans- didn’t put E life at danger
- catholics-rebellions
- puritans- no rebllions
- catholics- foreign support; college at Douai, jesuits,
- puritans- no foreign suppory
CATHOLICISM
- what was the northern rebllion
- when did it occur
1569- E refused Duke of Norfolk to marry Catholic Mary- organised to replace E with Mary
most serious rebellion of Elizabeth’s reign.
posed a major threat to Elizabeth’s rule and showed the danger that Mary, Queen of Scots represented as a rallying point for English Catholics.
CATHOLICISM
- what was the papal bull
- when did it occur
- how did it increase catholic threat
27th April 1570
- when Pope Pius V issued a papal bull where he excommunicated E from catholic church and encouraged catholics to plot against her
- increased catholic threat as many saw it as their duty to rise up against E
CATHOLICISM
- who founded a missionary college
- where was it
- what did it do
- how did it increase catholic threat
- when was it founded
1568, William Allen founded a missionary college at Douai in Netherlands
- he trained English Catholic Priests who would return to England to convert English back to catholic faith
- this strengthened catholic threat as catholics now had support from highly committed missionaries and more ppl were becoming catholic- so more threat against E
CATHOLICISM
- what was the society of Jesus
- when was it created
- what was the aim
- how did it increase catholic threat
society of Jesus was created in 1540
- aim was to convert Protestant population to catholic faith
- increased catholic threat as more people were becoming catholic
CATHOLICISM
- what was the ridolfi plot
- when did it occur
- who did it involve
- who was the plot uncovered by
- what happened to those involved as a result of the plot
- 1571
- Roberto Ridolfi, an Italian banker, planned to assassinate Elizabeth and make Mary queen. had the support of King Philip II of Spain, the Duke of Norfolk, and MQS
- The plot was uncovered by Elizabeth’s advisor, Cecil.
- Mary- executed in 1587
- Ridolfi and Spanish ambassador- arrested and expelled from country
CATHOLICISM
- what was the throckmorton plot
- when did it occur
- who did it involve
- what happened to those involved as a result of the plot
- 1583
- young Catholic man, Francis Throckmorton, organised a plan for a French army (paid for by the Pope and King Philip II of Spain) to invade England and replace Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots.
- Throckmorton- executed
- Mary moved to Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire, where she was held in isolation and allowed no visitors.
CATHOLICISM
- what was the Babington plot
- when did it occur
- who did it involve
- what happened to those involved as a result of the plot
- 1586
- Sir Anthony Babington planned to rescue Mary, Queen of Scots from jail and murder Elizabeth.
- Secret letters between the plotters and Mary were discovered which gave Elizabeth’s advisers the evidence needed to prove Mary’s guilt.
- Mary- executed- 1587
