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gcse aqa history > Conflict & Tension in Asia: conflict in korea > Flashcards

Conflict & Tension in Asia: conflict in korea Flashcards

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1
Q

Why were the USA and the USSR different?

A

USA and USSR had different ideologies

  • USA was a capitalist country
  • USSR was a Communist country
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2
Q

How did the differences of the running of the countries USA and USSR lead to them becoming rivals

A

USA and the USSR believed that their system was the way in which all countries should be run

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3
Q

What happened as a result of the USA thinking that the USSR was trying to spread communism across the world

A

The USA united with other capitalist countries (Britain and France) to stop the spread of communism across the world

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4
Q

How did the USSR respond to the USA uniting with other capitalist countries

A

USSR believed they were under threat from aggressive capitalist countries

-Russians were not invited to peace talks at the end of the First World War

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5
Q

What occurred after the war between USA Britain France and the USSR

A

USA Britain and France began to disagree with the USSR over what to do with the countries that have been devastated by the war

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6
Q

What did Britain and the USA feel think should happen to the countries of Europe that have been devastated by the war

A

Britain USA felt that countries of Europe should be helped to recover quickly

USA was willing to pay huge amounts of money to help this recovery

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7
Q

How did USSR oppose this view that Britain and the USA felt that countries of Europe should be helped to recover quickly

A

Stalin wanted to keep Germany week and wanted to keep Soviet troops inside the eastern European countries he had invaded during the war

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8
Q

What did US President Harry Truman later release and when

A

March 1947

Truman released the Truman doctrine

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9
Q

What did the Truman doctrine promise

A

It promised that the USA would come to the aid with money and military help of any country under the threat of a communist take over

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10
Q

What policy did the US stick to and why

A

policy Of containment meaning they would contain communism to stop it spreading from country to country

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11
Q

When did the cold war begin

A

1949

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12
Q

Who took over Korea in the early 1900s

A

Japan

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13
Q

What happened to Korea when Japan lost the Second World War

A

Japanese soldiers in northern part of Korea surrendered to Soviet forces

&those in south surrendered to US forces

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14
Q

What happened to Korea when the Japanese soldiers surrendered in both the north and south parts of Korea

A

Korea was divided into two separate zones

division was meant to be temporary

with the intention being for career to become a united independent country

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15
Q

Who became the leader of south Korea

A

Syngman Rhee

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16
Q

Who became the leader of North Korea

A

Kim Il-Sung

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17
Q

What did both leaders of North and South Korea want for Korea

A

They both believed in the unification of Korea

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18
Q

What was the issue with both north and south Korean leaders wanting to unify Korea

A

Both the leaders of Korea wanted to unify Korea under a different political ideology

  • Syngman Rhee capitalism
  • Kim Il-sung communism
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19
Q

What did the US do to help prevent China from becoming a Communist country and when did they do this

A

between 1946-1949

USA supported China with weapons and equipment to help Chinese forces fight the Communist’s

20
Q

Despite the US attempting to help China what occurred in 1949

A

Communists won and China became a Communist country

21
Q

Who decided upon the big decisions within the UN

A

The Security Council
-which contained 15 member states
The five permanent states were Britain France USA USSR and China

22
Q

What were the 5 permanent members of the Security Council able to do

A

veto a decision

23
Q

What occurred in the Security Council when China became a Communist country

A

The Security Council had to meet to agree for the new Chinese government to be allowed to join

24
Q

What did the USA respond with during the Security Council meeting to agree whether the new Chinese government would be allowed to join

A

USA vetoed the decision

25
Q

What did the USSR do in response to the US vetoing the decision of China joining the Security Council

A

USSR stormed out the meeting

26
Q

What occurred by spring 1950

A

US troops had left Korea

there had been a Communist revolution in there by China

so the USSR began to supply tanks artillery and aircraft to North Korea and began to train their soldiers

27
Q

What occurred at dawn on Sunday, the 25th of June 1950

A

Troops from Communist North Korea invaded South Korea

28
Q

What was USA’s response to the invasion of South Korea

-name 2 things

A

President Truman immediately sent advisors supplies and warships to the waters around Korea

put enormous pressure on the UN Security Council to condemn the actions of North Korea and to call them to withdraw their troops

29
Q

What was the UN’s response to the invasion of South Korea

A

Security Council of the UN met quickly to discuss what to do about the North Korean invasion

USA suggested that the UN should get an army together and go to the aid of South Korea

USSR could have vetoed this but were refusing to attend meetings at this time in protest at the UN is refusal to let the new Communist government in China join the Security Council

UN agreed to put an invasion force together and take military action

30
Q

What occurred at Inchon and when did this occur

A

In September 1950 the Port of Inchon was quickly captured by the US-led UN forces

31
Q

What did other UN forces do whilst some UN troops were at Inchon

A

Other UN forces and South Korean troops advanced from Pusan

32
Q

What happened to The North Koreans as a result of the storming of the United Nations forces and the US

A

North Koreans had been outmanoeuvered

were driven back beyond the 38th parallel within weeks

MacArthur quickly removed North Korean troops from South Korea

and by end of September MacArthur had been able to retake Seoul

33
Q

What occurred for the US by October 1950

A

The US and the UN had reached the Yalu river and the border with China

34
Q

What occurred as a result of the north Korean army advancing towards the Chinese border

A

Late in October 1950

200,000 Chinese troops joined the North Koreans

and launched a blistering attack

35
Q

What happened as a result of the intervention of the Chinese troops in October 1950

A

UN forces were pushed back into South Korea

36
Q

What did the Chinese troops then manage to do in January 1951

When the UN troops were able to recover what did they do

A

US/UN forces were driven out of Seoul in January 1951

37
Q

When the UN troops were able to recover in Jan 1951 what did they do

what had been reached

A

UN troops pushed Chinese troops back to 38th parallel

stalemate

38
Q

What occurred as a result of MacArthurs underestimation of the power of the Chinese

A

MacArthur was sacked

39
Q

When did the peace talks between north and south Korea begin

A

June 1951

40
Q

What occurred in November 1952

and why was this good for America

A

Presidential elections took place in November 1952

Truman was replaced by President Eisenhower

who wanted to end the war

41
Q

What occurred in March 1953 and why did this lead to the signing of an armistice

A

Stalin died in March 1953

this made the Chinese and North Koreans less confident as there was no immediate successor

and future USSR policy might change

armistice was signed in July 1953

42
Q

When and where was the armistice signed

A

Panmunjom July 1953

43
Q

What was the impact of the Korean War for Korea

-name 6

A

80% of careers industrial and government buildings were destroyed

half of all housing and most transportation network was destroyed

1.3 million casualties

Agriculture was ruined

Millions of refugees

Neither north nor south gained to the United Korea they had fought for

44
Q

How did the Russians disguise their involvement in the Russian War

A
  • Pilots were not allowed to speak Russian meaning the radio waves couldn’t be hacked and understood
  • the USSR planes were painted in Chinese colours so they looked like Chinese planes
45
Q

The main cause of the korean war was due to the divsion of korea how far do you agree

A
  • Kim Il sung and Syngman Rhee- both committed nationalists who believed in unifcation of Korea- but under diff ideologies
  • both governments of north and south korea- claimed to be rightful rulers of korea
  • by early 1949- leader of north korea believed sk would welcome invasion
  • june 1950 nk ivaded sk- as US troops had left korea & soviets developed nucs

-

-

46
Q

Why was MacArthur sacked

A
  • Oct 1950- Mao warned UN troops not to advance into NK
  • macarthur was convinced China wouldn’t enter war so he ignored warning by Mao
  • Oct 25 Chinese forces attacked
  • Truman convinced that continuing war with China would bring in USSR which could result in nuclear war
  • MacArthur disagreed and sent UN troops back into NK
  • he said US should prepare to use nucs
  • truman = furious that he didnt follow instructions and he sacked him

gcse aqa history (16 decks)

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