Conflict & Tension in Asia: conflict in korea Flashcards
Why were the USA and the USSR different?
USA and USSR had different ideologies
- USA was a capitalist country
- USSR was a Communist country
How did the differences of the running of the countries USA and USSR lead to them becoming rivals
USA and the USSR believed that their system was the way in which all countries should be run
What happened as a result of the USA thinking that the USSR was trying to spread communism across the world
The USA united with other capitalist countries (Britain and France) to stop the spread of communism across the world
How did the USSR respond to the USA uniting with other capitalist countries
USSR believed they were under threat from aggressive capitalist countries
-Russians were not invited to peace talks at the end of the First World War
What occurred after the war between USA Britain France and the USSR
USA Britain and France began to disagree with the USSR over what to do with the countries that have been devastated by the war
What did Britain and the USA feel think should happen to the countries of Europe that have been devastated by the war
Britain USA felt that countries of Europe should be helped to recover quickly
USA was willing to pay huge amounts of money to help this recovery
How did USSR oppose this view that Britain and the USA felt that countries of Europe should be helped to recover quickly
Stalin wanted to keep Germany week and wanted to keep Soviet troops inside the eastern European countries he had invaded during the war
What did US President Harry Truman later release and when
March 1947
Truman released the Truman doctrine
What did the Truman doctrine promise
It promised that the USA would come to the aid with money and military help of any country under the threat of a communist take over
What policy did the US stick to and why
policy Of containment meaning they would contain communism to stop it spreading from country to country
When did the cold war begin
1949
Who took over Korea in the early 1900s
Japan
What happened to Korea when Japan lost the Second World War
Japanese soldiers in northern part of Korea surrendered to Soviet forces
&those in south surrendered to US forces
What happened to Korea when the Japanese soldiers surrendered in both the north and south parts of Korea
Korea was divided into two separate zones
division was meant to be temporary
with the intention being for career to become a united independent country
Who became the leader of south Korea
Syngman Rhee
Who became the leader of North Korea
Kim Il-Sung
What did both leaders of North and South Korea want for Korea
They both believed in the unification of Korea
What was the issue with both north and south Korean leaders wanting to unify Korea
Both the leaders of Korea wanted to unify Korea under a different political ideology
- Syngman Rhee capitalism
- Kim Il-sung communism
What did the US do to help prevent China from becoming a Communist country and when did they do this
between 1946-1949
USA supported China with weapons and equipment to help Chinese forces fight the Communist’s
Despite the US attempting to help China what occurred in 1949
Communists won and China became a Communist country
Who decided upon the big decisions within the UN
The Security Council
-which contained 15 member states
The five permanent states were Britain France USA USSR and China
What were the 5 permanent members of the Security Council able to do
veto a decision
What occurred in the Security Council when China became a Communist country
The Security Council had to meet to agree for the new Chinese government to be allowed to join
What did the USA respond with during the Security Council meeting to agree whether the new Chinese government would be allowed to join
USA vetoed the decision
What did the USSR do in response to the US vetoing the decision of China joining the Security Council
USSR stormed out the meeting
What occurred by spring 1950
US troops had left Korea
there had been a Communist revolution in there by China
so the USSR began to supply tanks artillery and aircraft to North Korea and began to train their soldiers
What occurred at dawn on Sunday, the 25th of June 1950
Troops from Communist North Korea invaded South Korea
What was USA’s response to the invasion of South Korea
-name 2 things
President Truman immediately sent advisors supplies and warships to the waters around Korea
put enormous pressure on the UN Security Council to condemn the actions of North Korea and to call them to withdraw their troops
What was the UN’s response to the invasion of South Korea
Security Council of the UN met quickly to discuss what to do about the North Korean invasion
USA suggested that the UN should get an army together and go to the aid of South Korea
USSR could have vetoed this but were refusing to attend meetings at this time in protest at the UN is refusal to let the new Communist government in China join the Security Council
UN agreed to put an invasion force together and take military action
What occurred at Inchon and when did this occur
In September 1950 the Port of Inchon was quickly captured by the US-led UN forces
What did other UN forces do whilst some UN troops were at Inchon
Other UN forces and South Korean troops advanced from Pusan
What happened to The North Koreans as a result of the storming of the United Nations forces and the US
North Koreans had been outmanoeuvered
were driven back beyond the 38th parallel within weeks
MacArthur quickly removed North Korean troops from South Korea
and by end of September MacArthur had been able to retake Seoul
What occurred for the US by October 1950
The US and the UN had reached the Yalu river and the border with China
What occurred as a result of the north Korean army advancing towards the Chinese border
Late in October 1950
200,000 Chinese troops joined the North Koreans
and launched a blistering attack
What happened as a result of the intervention of the Chinese troops in October 1950
UN forces were pushed back into South Korea
What did the Chinese troops then manage to do in January 1951
When the UN troops were able to recover what did they do
US/UN forces were driven out of Seoul in January 1951
When the UN troops were able to recover in Jan 1951 what did they do
what had been reached
UN troops pushed Chinese troops back to 38th parallel
stalemate
What occurred as a result of MacArthurs underestimation of the power of the Chinese
MacArthur was sacked
When did the peace talks between north and south Korea begin
June 1951
What occurred in November 1952
and why was this good for America
Presidential elections took place in November 1952
Truman was replaced by President Eisenhower
who wanted to end the war
What occurred in March 1953 and why did this lead to the signing of an armistice
Stalin died in March 1953
this made the Chinese and North Koreans less confident as there was no immediate successor
and future USSR policy might change
armistice was signed in July 1953
When and where was the armistice signed
Panmunjom July 1953
What was the impact of the Korean War for Korea
-name 6
80% of careers industrial and government buildings were destroyed
half of all housing and most transportation network was destroyed
1.3 million casualties
Agriculture was ruined
Millions of refugees
Neither north nor south gained to the United Korea they had fought for
How did the Russians disguise their involvement in the Russian War
- Pilots were not allowed to speak Russian meaning the radio waves couldn’t be hacked and understood
- the USSR planes were painted in Chinese colours so they looked like Chinese planes
The main cause of the korean war was due to the divsion of korea how far do you agree
- Kim Il sung and Syngman Rhee- both committed nationalists who believed in unifcation of Korea- but under diff ideologies
- both governments of north and south korea- claimed to be rightful rulers of korea
- by early 1949- leader of north korea believed sk would welcome invasion
- june 1950 nk ivaded sk- as US troops had left korea & soviets developed nucs
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Why was MacArthur sacked
- Oct 1950- Mao warned UN troops not to advance into NK
- macarthur was convinced China wouldn’t enter war so he ignored warning by Mao
- Oct 25 Chinese forces attacked
- Truman convinced that continuing war with China would bring in USSR which could result in nuclear war
- MacArthur disagreed and sent UN troops back into NK
- he said US should prepare to use nucs
- truman = furious that he didnt follow instructions and he sacked him
