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gcse aqa history > Conflict & Tension in Asia: the ending of conflict in Vietnam > Flashcards

Conflict & Tension in Asia: the ending of conflict in Vietnam Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was campaigning To become president in 1968 at a time in the war was increasingly unpopular in the US

A

Nixon

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2
Q

Who was elected president in the US in November 1968

A

Nixon

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3
Q

What did Nixon promise as the new president of the US in November 1968

A

The war would continue until peace with honour could be achieved

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4
Q

What did President Nixon announce the strategy off on the 3rd of November 1969

A

Vietnamisation

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5
Q

What was the idea behind the policy of Vietnamisation

A

strategy was to build up South Vietnamese army (ARVN) to such a high level they could carry on the war against the Vietcong and North Vietnamese without the help of the US troops

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6
Q

Why couldn’t Nixon withdraw troops immediately from Vietnam

A

He knew that it would take time to train and equip the ARVN

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7
Q

What decision was made by Nixon before the majority of US troops left Vietnam

A

To destroy as many of the Vietcong bases as possible

many of the Vietcong bases were located inside borders of neighbouring Cambodia

Vietcong were also being supplied by the Ho Chi Minh Trail that ran from North Vietnam through Cambodia and Laos

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8
Q

What did Nixon give permission for and when after deciding before the US troops would leave Vietnam to destroy as many of the Vietcong bases as possible

A

March 1969

Nixon gave permission for bombing of Cambodia

in an attempt to destroy Ho Chi Minh Trail and Vietcong bases

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9
Q

What did Nixon decide to do to avoid international protest

A

Keep the bombing of Vietcong bases and the Ho Chi Minh Trail a secret

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10
Q

Was the bombing Of the Vietcong bases and Ho Chi Minh Trail a success what then occurred

what did this decision after the previous bombings provoke

A

Bombing failed

So in April 1970 Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia by US troops

Also announced that 150,000 more US soldiers were needed

This provoked a wave of demonstrations across the USA

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11
Q

What occurred on the 8th of February 1971

A

The USA back to South Vietnamese invasion of Leos to block the Ho Chi Minh Trail

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12
Q

How did the US assist the attack in Laos

A

The operation was supported by US helicopters bombers and artillery

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13
Q

Was the attack on Laos a success

A

No ARVN forces were soon beaten back

North Vietnamese then launched a major attack on South Vietnam in the spring of 1972

American troops had mostly lost all enthusiasm

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14
Q

Who was Nixon secretary of state

A

Henry Kissinger

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15
Q

What was the word to describe the relations between the USA and the USSR gradually improving

A

Détente

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16
Q

what is détente

A

A situation where differences were not forgotten but constructive discussions could take place over disagreements

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17
Q

Name four ways the USSR and China tries to improve relations with the USA

A

The USSR began talks in 1970 to limit amount of nuclear weapons held by USA and USSR

President Nixon also asked Soviets to put pressure on North Vietnamese to end Vietnam War

In February 1972
Was invited to China and became the first US president to visit the communist state

Nixon asked China to encourage North Vietnamese to end the war

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18
Q

How was the Vietnam war covered by the media

A

The war was widely reported by journalists on TV and newspapers in more detail than any other war

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19
Q

What was the coverage

of the Vietnam war like due to the media in the early stages of the war

A

In early stages of the war the media followed official line of policy

The relationship between the US military and government and the media was relatively good at start of war

Journalists were provided with transport to war areas and were allowed to interview with commanders

in return were expected not to reveal any information which would help the enemy

20
Q

what years did the medias tone of reporting on Vietnam begin to change

A

1967 and 1968

21
Q

How did the media cover the events in Vietnam in 1967 in 1968

A

The tone of reporting was beginning to change

US TV networks CBS showed US Marines using zippo lighters to set fire to Vietnam villages homes

US public saw executions on Vietcong suspects occur

US public also saw the horrific events of the Tet Offensive

22
Q

What was opponents view of the Impact of the media coverage on the number of people protesting against war after 1967

A

Many opponents claimed that the media didn’t have an in fluence on the number of people protesting against war

American attitudes were 10 against the Vietnam war by 1967 anyway

Casualties of war weariness were the reasons why support for the war dropped - not the media

Shocking scenes were very rare on the TV screen

23
Q

Opposition to the war came from many sources name 7 of the sources

A

Media coverage

The number of dead and injured US soldiers

Opposition to the draft

The civil rights movement

Lack of support for South Vietnamese government

Opposition from US politicians

The US wasn’t winning

24
Q

How did Media coverage Lead to opposition to the war

A

images & stories of civilian casualties, poor discipline and drugtaking in the army horrified many Americans and turned them against the war

25
Q

How did the number of dead and injured US soldiers increase opposition to the war

A

The shock of seeing so many men returning from the war with crippling injuries increased opposition to the war

26
Q

How did opposition to the draft increase the overall opposition to the war

A

was intense hatred for draft as many young ppl began to question whether a war which cost lives of 300 Americans a week was really worth it

27
Q

How did the civil rights movement increased opposition to the war

A

Civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King spoke out against the war and this would’ve influenced others

28
Q

Why was the anti-war movement particularly strong among students on university and college campuses

A

For the war symbolise government control and authority something they wanted to rebel against

as they didnt want to be drafted to fight in the war they did not believe in

Hippy culture was also popular at this time with the key themes of it being peace and love

29
Q

What occurred on the 15th of November 1969

A

The largest anti-war protest in US history took place in Washington with around 500,000 people gathering to his speeches and sing songs about entering the wall

30
Q

What occurred at Kent State University in 1970

A

Students organise a demonstration against President Nixon’s decision to invade Vietnam’s neighbour Cambodia

Panics National Guard troopers open fire on the demonstrators

31
Q

How many people were killed in the Kent State University Demonstration

How many were injured

A

4 students were killed

9 were injured

32
Q

What were the impacts of the Kent State shootings

A

Hundreds of colleges and universities were closed across the country as 2 million students refused to attend classes

33
Q

What happened just over a month later after the Kent State University shootings

A

police opened fire during a demonstration at Jackson State College an all black college in Mississippi

killing 2 students and injuring 12

34
Q

What was Nixon’s main priority by 1972

A

Nixon’s main priority was to get re-elected

35
Q

What was the Watergate scandal and what did it lead to

A

The Watergate scandal occurred when Nixon was linked to a burglary at the offices of Nixon’s rival party the Democrats

It led to Nixon being Resigned

36
Q

What were burglars caught found to be doing in the Watergate scandal

A

Bugging telephones and stealing secret documents

37
Q

How did the Watergate scandal have a major impact on US politics

A

It led many to question their leadership and think more critically about the presidency

38
Q

How was the media is coverage of the USA’s role in the war more negative

A

Journalist began to feature more stories about the defeat of US troops in battle

There were more news film showing civilian and military casualties

More news stories about Paul Mcgrail and behaviour of the troops

Media coverage of Maeline massacre in March 1968 damaged the image of US troops even further

39
Q

Who was the best news reader in the US at the time

A

Walter Conkrite

40
Q

What was the Nixon’s approach to ending the war

name 4 things

A

Vietnamisation

pressure-

Negotiation

Bombing

41
Q

What was Nixon’s idea behind using Vietnamisation as a strategy to end the war

A

From 1969 Nixon built up the army of South Vietnam war steadily reducing the number of US soldiers fighting there

42
Q

What was Nixon’s idea behind using pressure as a strategy to end the war

A

Nixon pressurised leaders of South Vietnam to try and compromise with North Vietnam and asked China and USSR to pressurise North Vietnam into make a deal

43
Q

What was Nixon’s idea behind using negotiation as a strategy to end the war

A

Nixon’s national-security adviser Henry Kissinger began talks with North Vietnam in 1969 hoping to bring about a ceasefire

44
Q

What was Nixon’s idea behind using bombing as a strategy to end the war

A

in order to convince the Communist to look for peace he also increase the heavy bombing of North Vietnam as well as on supply routes in the countries of Laos and Cambodia

45
Q

When was the Paris peace agreement signed and who was it signed by?

A

January 1973

was signed by North Vietnam South Vietnam in the USA

46
Q

What had Nixon promised to the South Vietnam forces after the Paris agreement

However who prevented this promise and why

A

promised continuing financial aid and military support to Vietnam

The Congress refused to allow it they didn’t want to waste American money

gcse aqa history (16 decks)

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