Conflict & Tension in Asia: the ending of conflict in Vietnam

Question 1

Who was campaigning To become president in 1968 at a time in the war was increasingly unpopular in the US

Answer 1

Nixon

Question 2

Who was elected president in the US in November 1968

Answer 2

Nixon

Question 3

What did Nixon promise as the new president of the US in November 1968

Answer 3

The war would continue until peace with honour could be achieved

Question 4

What did President Nixon announce the strategy off on the 3rd of November 1969

Answer 4

Vietnamisation

Question 5

What was the idea behind the policy of Vietnamisation

Answer 5

strategy was to build up South Vietnamese army (ARVN) to such a high level they could carry on the war against the Vietcong and North Vietnamese without the help of the US troops

Question 6

Why couldn’t Nixon withdraw troops immediately from Vietnam

Answer 6

He knew that it would take time to train and equip the ARVN

Question 7

What decision was made by Nixon before the majority of US troops left Vietnam

Answer 7

To destroy as many of the Vietcong bases as possible

many of the Vietcong bases were located inside borders of neighbouring Cambodia

Vietcong were also being supplied by the Ho Chi Minh Trail that ran from North Vietnam through Cambodia and Laos

Question 8

What did Nixon give permission for and when after deciding before the US troops would leave Vietnam to destroy as many of the Vietcong bases as possible

Answer 8

March 1969

Nixon gave permission for bombing of Cambodia

in an attempt to destroy Ho Chi Minh Trail and Vietcong bases

Question 9

What did Nixon decide to do to avoid international protest

Answer 9

Keep the bombing of Vietcong bases and the Ho Chi Minh Trail a secret

Question 10

Was the bombing Of the Vietcong bases and Ho Chi Minh Trail a success what then occurred

what did this decision after the previous bombings provoke

Answer 10

Bombing failed

So in April 1970 Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia by US troops

Also announced that 150,000 more US soldiers were needed

This provoked a wave of demonstrations across the USA

Question 11

What occurred on the 8th of February 1971

Answer 11

The USA back to South Vietnamese invasion of Leos to block the Ho Chi Minh Trail

Question 12

How did the US assist the attack in Laos

Answer 12

The operation was supported by US helicopters bombers and artillery

Question 13

Was the attack on Laos a success

Answer 13

No ARVN forces were soon beaten back

North Vietnamese then launched a major attack on South Vietnam in the spring of 1972

American troops had mostly lost all enthusiasm

Question 14

Who was Nixon secretary of state

Answer 14

Henry Kissinger

Question 15

What was the word to describe the relations between the USA and the USSR gradually improving

Answer 15

Détente

Question 16

what is détente

Answer 16

A situation where differences were not forgotten but constructive discussions could take place over disagreements

Question 17

Name four ways the USSR and China tries to improve relations with the USA

Answer 17

The USSR began talks in 1970 to limit amount of nuclear weapons held by USA and USSR

President Nixon also asked Soviets to put pressure on North Vietnamese to end Vietnam War

In February 1972
Was invited to China and became the first US president to visit the communist state

Nixon asked China to encourage North Vietnamese to end the war

Question 18

How was the Vietnam war covered by the media

Answer 18

The war was widely reported by journalists on TV and newspapers in more detail than any other war

Question 19

What was the coverage

of the Vietnam war like due to the media in the early stages of the war

Answer 19

In early stages of the war the media followed official line of policy

The relationship between the US military and government and the media was relatively good at start of war

Journalists were provided with transport to war areas and were allowed to interview with commanders

in return were expected not to reveal any information which would help the enemy

Question 20

what years did the medias tone of reporting on Vietnam begin to change

Answer 20

1967 and 1968

Question 21

How did the media cover the events in Vietnam in 1967 in 1968

Answer 21

The tone of reporting was beginning to change

US TV networks CBS showed US Marines using zippo lighters to set fire to Vietnam villages homes

US public saw executions on Vietcong suspects occur

US public also saw the horrific events of the Tet Offensive

Question 22

What was opponents view of the Impact of the media coverage on the number of people protesting against war after 1967

Answer 22

Many opponents claimed that the media didn’t have an in fluence on the number of people protesting against war

American attitudes were 10 against the Vietnam war by 1967 anyway

Casualties of war weariness were the reasons why support for the war dropped - not the media

Shocking scenes were very rare on the TV screen

Question 23

Opposition to the war came from many sources name 7 of the sources

Answer 23

Media coverage

The number of dead and injured US soldiers

Opposition to the draft

The civil rights movement

Lack of support for South Vietnamese government

Opposition from US politicians

The US wasn’t winning

Question 24

How did Media coverage Lead to opposition to the war

Answer 24

images & stories of civilian casualties, poor discipline and drugtaking in the army horrified many Americans and turned them against the war

Question 25

How did the number of dead and injured US soldiers increase opposition to the war

Answer 25

The shock of seeing so many men returning from the war with crippling injuries increased opposition to the war

Question 26

How did opposition to the draft increase the overall opposition to the war

Answer 26

was intense hatred for draft as many young ppl began to question whether a war which cost lives of 300 Americans a week was really worth it

Question 27

How did the civil rights movement increased opposition to the war

Answer 27

Civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King spoke out against the war and this would’ve influenced others

Question 28

Why was the anti-war movement particularly strong among students on university and college campuses

Answer 28

For the war symbolise government control and authority something they wanted to rebel against as they didnt want to be drafted to fight in the war they did not believe in Hippy culture was also popular at this time with the key themes of it being peace and love

Question 29

What occurred on the 15th of November 1969

Answer 29

The largest anti-war protest in US history took place in Washington with around 500,000 people gathering to his speeches and sing songs about entering the wall

Question 30

What occurred at Kent State University in 1970

Answer 30

Students organise a demonstration against President Nixon’s decision to invade Vietnam’s neighbour Cambodia Panics National Guard troopers open fire on the demonstrators

Question 31

How many people were killed in the Kent State University Demonstration How many were injured

Answer 31

4 students were killed 9 were injured

Question 32

What were the impacts of the Kent State shootings

Answer 32

Hundreds of colleges and universities were closed across the country as 2 million students refused to attend classes

Question 33

What happened just over a month later after the Kent State University shootings

Answer 33

police opened fire during a demonstration at Jackson State College an all black college in Mississippi killing 2 students and injuring 12

Question 34

What was Nixon’s main priority by 1972

Answer 34

Nixon’s main priority was to get re-elected

Question 35

What was the Watergate scandal and what did it lead to

Answer 35

The Watergate scandal occurred when Nixon was linked to a burglary at the offices of Nixon’s rival party the Democrats It led to Nixon being Resigned

Question 36

What were burglars caught found to be doing in the Watergate scandal

Answer 36

Bugging telephones and stealing secret documents

Question 37

How did the Watergate scandal have a major impact on US politics

Answer 37

It led many to question their leadership and think more critically about the presidency

Question 38

How was the media is coverage of the USA’s role in the war more negative

Answer 38

Journalist began to feature more stories about the defeat of US troops in battle There were more news film showing civilian and military casualties More news stories about Paul Mcgrail and behaviour of the troops Media coverage of Maeline massacre in March 1968 damaged the image of US troops even further

Question 39

Who was the best news reader in the US at the time

Answer 39

Walter Conkrite

Question 40

What was the Nixon’s approach to ending the war name 4 things

Answer 40

Vietnamisation pressure- Negotiation Bombing

Question 41

What was Nixon’s idea behind using Vietnamisation as a strategy to end the war

Answer 41

From 1969 Nixon built up the army of South Vietnam war steadily reducing the number of US soldiers fighting there

Question 42

What was Nixon’s idea behind using pressure as a strategy to end the war

Answer 42

Nixon pressurised leaders of South Vietnam to try and compromise with North Vietnam and asked China and USSR to pressurise North Vietnam into make a deal

Question 43

What was Nixon’s idea behind using negotiation as a strategy to end the war

Answer 43

Nixon’s national-security adviser Henry Kissinger began talks with North Vietnam in 1969 hoping to bring about a ceasefire

Question 44

What was Nixon’s idea behind using bombing as a strategy to end the war

Answer 44

in order to convince the Communist to look for peace he also increase the heavy bombing of North Vietnam as well as on supply routes in the countries of Laos and Cambodia

Question 45

When was the Paris peace agreement signed and who was it signed by?

Answer 45

January 1973 was signed by North Vietnam South Vietnam in the USA

Question 46

What had Nixon promised to the South Vietnam forces after the Paris agreement However who prevented this promise and why

Answer 46

promised continuing financial aid and military support to Vietnam The Congress refused to allow it they didn’t want to waste American money