Ruminant & Swine Anesthesia Flashcards
True or False: Ruminants don’t require general anesthesia because of their calm nature
True
How are most ruminant surgeries performed
using local or regional anesthetic techniques and physical restraint
What must be considered when using anesthesia on ruminants?
drug withdrawal times in food and milk-producing animals
What special equipment may be used for ruminant anesthesia?
tilt tables, head gates, hoists, transporters
When can small animal equipment be used on ruminants
small ruminants (lambs and kids)
Ruminants are prone to _ and _ during general anesthesia
regurgitation and bloat
Make sure a ruminant is _ to prevent bloat
fasted
O2 flow rates are the same for ruminants as they are for
equine
How long should food and water be withheld for small ruminants
12-18hrs; 8-12hrs
How long should food be withheld for cattle
24-48hrs; 8-12hrs
Ruminants are very sensitive to what drug? Requiring 1/10 the dose of a horse
Xylazine
_ are generally not need prior to IVC placement and induction in calm and tractable animals
Tranquilizers
_ drugs cause saliva to become thick and ropy
Anticholinergic
What drugs are commonly used for ruminant general anesthesia
-Ace
-Xylazine
-Detomidine
-Midazolam + Butorphanol
IV induction should be done where for ruminants
special padded area, in a transporter, on a tilt table
Cattle are very sensitive to what drugs
Alpha 2 agonists
What drugs are included in a double drip for induction
Ketamine and Guaifenesin
What are some appropriate sized ET tubes for ruminants
22, 26, 30
What are some induction drugs for ruminants
-Ketamine + Diazepam
-Double drip
-Telazol
-Propofol (small ruminants)
What is the main goal of IV induction
Get to unconsciousness rapidly with minimal injury AND obtain immediate control of airway (prone to aspiration)
Small oral opening and thick caudal tongue make what challenging in small ruminants and calves
visualization of larynx for intubation
What can be used to assist in intubating small ruminants and calves
stylette
Intubation in ruminants is done _
blindly
Maintenance of anesthesia with inhalant in small ruminants and calves is similar to
small animals
Maintenance of anesthesia with inhalant agent is similar to
horses (complications not similar)
Ruminants tend to _, if this occurs, place on ventilator
hypoventilate
TIVA can be used in ruminants for procedures lasting how long?
<20 minute
How should ruminants be positioned
mouth lower than pharynx and padding to prevent neuropathy and myopathy
Ruminants tend to have _ recovery
smooth
What should be done regarding ET tube for ruminants in the recovery period
keep cuff inflated or partially inflate to prevent aspiration
When should a ruminant be extubated
when strong swallowing movements or coughing appear
What is difficult in swine due to difficulty restraining them
involved PE, assessing CVS status, and drawing blood
What should you rely on to determine health status of swine
patient history
How are sedatives admin in swine
IM in muscles of neck caudal to ear and 3-5cm lateral to dorsal midline
Swine are resistant to _ drugs
sedative
What drugs should be used to sedate swine?
combo of tranquilizer or sedative, an opioid, and a dissociative
What is TKX in swine
Telazol, Ketamine, and xylazine
TKX often induces _ in swine
anesthesia
Where can an IVC be placed in swine?
aural vein
What should be done for camelids during recovery
keep necks in normal position
Camelids are _ _ breathers
obligate nasal
Camelids are prone to developing _ _ when in lateral or dorsal recumbency
nasal congestion
IVC difficulties in camelids
-very thick and tighter neck skin
-prone to hematomas
What is the best indicator of plane of anesthesia in swine
relaxation of mouth muscles (eyes not suitable for info)
Dyspnea in camelids should be treated with
nasal tubes
How should monitoring be done on swine
-Palpate pulse in ear or on inside of carpus
-Brachial artery in small pigs
-Doppler from tail artery
-Pulse ox on tongue or snout and ears of pink pigs
-Resp monitoring with breathing bag and capnometry
What is the biggest concern for swine inhalant anesthesia
malignant hyperthermia
Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia in swine
-Muscle rigidity
-Rapid rise in body temp
-Hyercapnea and hyperkalemia
-Death
Tx of malignant hyperthermia
terminate anesthesia, deliver oxygen, dantrolene
What causes malignant hyperthermia
mutation in one gene that controls calcium metabolism in muscle
