Ruminant & Swine Anesthesia

Question 1

True or False: Ruminants don’t require general anesthesia because of their calm nature

Answer 1

True

Question 2

How are most ruminant surgeries performed

Answer 2

using local or regional anesthetic techniques and physical restraint

Question 3

What must be considered when using anesthesia on ruminants?

Answer 3

drug withdrawal times in food and milk-producing animals

Question 4

What special equipment may be used for ruminant anesthesia?

Answer 4

tilt tables, head gates, hoists, transporters

Question 5

When can small animal equipment be used on ruminants

Answer 5

small ruminants (lambs and kids)

Question 6

Ruminants are prone to _ and _ during general anesthesia

Answer 6

regurgitation and bloat

Question 7

Make sure a ruminant is _ to prevent bloat

Answer 7

fasted

Question 8

O2 flow rates are the same for ruminants as they are for

Answer 8

equine

Question 9

How long should food and water be withheld for small ruminants

Answer 9

12-18hrs; 8-12hrs

Question 10

How long should food be withheld for cattle

Answer 10

24-48hrs; 8-12hrs

Question 11

Ruminants are very sensitive to what drug? Requiring 1/10 the dose of a horse

Answer 11

Xylazine

Question 12

_ are generally not need prior to IVC placement and induction in calm and tractable animals

Answer 12

Tranquilizers

Question 13

_ drugs cause saliva to become thick and ropy

Answer 13

Anticholinergic

Question 14

What drugs are commonly used for ruminant general anesthesia

Answer 14

-Ace
-Xylazine
-Detomidine
-Midazolam + Butorphanol

Question 15

IV induction should be done where for ruminants

Answer 15

special padded area, in a transporter, on a tilt table

Question 16

Cattle are very sensitive to what drugs

Answer 16

Alpha 2 agonists

Question 17

What drugs are included in a double drip for induction

Answer 17

Ketamine and Guaifenesin

Question 18

What are some appropriate sized ET tubes for ruminants

Answer 18

22, 26, 30

Question 19

What are some induction drugs for ruminants

Answer 19

-Ketamine + Diazepam
-Double drip
-Telazol
-Propofol (small ruminants)

Question 20

What is the main goal of IV induction

Answer 20

Get to unconsciousness rapidly with minimal injury AND obtain immediate control of airway (prone to aspiration)

Question 21

Small oral opening and thick caudal tongue make what challenging in small ruminants and calves

Answer 21

visualization of larynx for intubation

Question 22

What can be used to assist in intubating small ruminants and calves

Answer 22

stylette

Question 23

Intubation in ruminants is done _

Answer 23

blindly

Question 24

Maintenance of anesthesia with inhalant in small ruminants and calves is similar to

Answer 24

small animals

Question 25

Maintenance of anesthesia with inhalant agent is similar to

Answer 25

horses (complications not similar)

Question 26

Ruminants tend to _, if this occurs, place on ventilator

Answer 26

hypoventilate

Question 27

TIVA can be used in ruminants for procedures lasting how long?

Answer 27

<20 minute

Question 28

How should ruminants be positioned

Answer 28

mouth lower than pharynx and padding to prevent neuropathy and myopathy

Question 29

Ruminants tend to have _ recovery

Answer 29

smooth

Question 30

What should be done regarding ET tube for ruminants in the recovery period

Answer 30

keep cuff inflated or partially inflate to prevent aspiration

Question 31

When should a ruminant be extubated

Answer 31

when strong swallowing movements or coughing appear

Question 32

What is difficult in swine due to difficulty restraining them

Answer 32

involved PE, assessing CVS status, and drawing blood

Question 33

What should you rely on to determine health status of swine

Answer 33

patient history

Question 34

How are sedatives admin in swine

Answer 34

IM in muscles of neck caudal to ear and 3-5cm lateral to dorsal midline

Question 35

Swine are resistant to _ drugs

Answer 35

sedative

Question 36

What drugs should be used to sedate swine?

Answer 36

combo of tranquilizer or sedative, an opioid, and a dissociative

Question 37

What is TKX in swine

Answer 37

Telazol, Ketamine, and xylazine

Question 38

TKX often induces _ in swine

Answer 38

anesthesia

Question 39

Where can an IVC be placed in swine?

Answer 39

aural vein

Question 40

What should be done for camelids during recovery

Answer 40

keep necks in normal position

Question 41

Camelids are _ _ breathers

Answer 41

obligate nasal

Question 42

Camelids are prone to developing _ _ when in lateral or dorsal recumbency

Answer 42

nasal congestion

Question 43

IVC difficulties in camelids

Answer 43

-very thick and tighter neck skin
-prone to hematomas

Question 44

What is the best indicator of plane of anesthesia in swine

Answer 44

relaxation of mouth muscles (eyes not suitable for info)

Question 45

Dyspnea in camelids should be treated with

Answer 45

nasal tubes

Question 46

How should monitoring be done on swine

Answer 46

-Palpate pulse in ear or on inside of carpus
-Brachial artery in small pigs
-Doppler from tail artery
-Pulse ox on tongue or snout and ears of pink pigs
-Resp monitoring with breathing bag and capnometry

Question 47

What is the biggest concern for swine inhalant anesthesia

Answer 47

malignant hyperthermia

Question 48

Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia in swine

Answer 48

-Muscle rigidity
-Rapid rise in body temp
-Hyercapnea and hyperkalemia
-Death

Question 49

Tx of malignant hyperthermia

Answer 49

terminate anesthesia, deliver oxygen, dantrolene

Question 50

What causes malignant hyperthermia

Answer 50

mutation in one gene that controls calcium metabolism in muscle