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Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. > Ch. 2 Patient Preparation > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Patient Preparation Flashcards

1
Q

MPD stands for

A

Minimum patient database

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2
Q

MPD must include

A

Hx, PE, labs

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3
Q

What does confirming the scheduled procedure prevent

A

-anesthetizing the wrong patient
-performing an unnecessary procedure
-not performing a scheduled procedure

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4
Q

What specifics should be known for confirming the procedure

A

-exact location of tumors
-o’s wishes regarding cytology or histology
-o’s wishes regarding decisions during procedure

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5
Q

What breed is sensitive to barbiturates

A

sighthounds

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6
Q

what breeds are sensitive to acepromazine

A

boxers and giant breeds

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7
Q

what breed is resistant to acepromazine

A

terriers

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8
Q

what breed is difficult to intubate

A

brachiocephalic dogs

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9
Q

what horses are sensitive to sedatives

A

draft horses

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10
Q

Past adverse reactions to anesthetic agents

A

Cats- prolonged ketamine recovery
Dogs- behavioral change after acepromazine sedation

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11
Q

Preventative care

A

vaccines
fecal and parasite control
hw status- dogs
FIV and FLV testing- cats
Tetanus toxoid- horses

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12
Q

Sick patients must be _ prior to anesthesia

A

stabilized

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13
Q

What are the most affected systems by anesthetic agents

A

cardiovascular, nervous, pulmonary

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14
Q

When should animals be weighed

A

immediately before anesthetic procedure

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15
Q

What scale should be used for <5kg patient

A

pediatric scale

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16
Q

what scale should be used for a patient <1kg

A

gram scale

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17
Q

How to estimate weight for horses in kg

A

heart girth (cm)2 x length (cm) / 11880

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18
Q

Elevated temperature indicates

A

inflammation

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19
Q

decreased temperature indicates

A

numerous systemic disorders

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20
Q

What heart rhythm is described
-heart rate increases w/ inspiration and decreases with expiration
-dogs, horses, ruminants
-heart rate affected by respiration

A

sinus arrhythmia (SA)

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21
Q

What heart block is described?
-delayed conduction through the AV node
-Detected only on ECG tracing

A

First degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block

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22
Q

What heart block is described?
-Periodic block of conduction through the AV node
-Results in skipped heartbeats

A

Second degree AV heart block

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23
Q

More than _ skipped heartbeat in a row is abnormal and must be reported

A

one

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24
Q

AV blocks are not associated with _ rhythms

A

breathing

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25
How to know the difference between SA and AV block
watch P breathe while auscultating the heart
26
Where should you listen for murmurs
over each valve; cranial most aspect of left axilla-PDA
27
What is a pulse deficit
more heartbeats the pulses
28
What does pulse help determine about blood pressure
strong or weak pulse indicates high or low BP
29
Crackles are _ sounds
discontinuous
30
Wheezes are _sounds
continuous
31
What is a patient work up based on
age, history, PE, and financial considerations
32
Preanesthetic diagnostic tests and procedures
CBC, UA, Chem, Coagulation screens, ECG, x-rays, etc.
33
Class P1 is _ anesthetic risk
minimal
34
Class P5 is _ anesthetic risk
extreme
35
What anesthetic protocol does class P1 and P2 use
standard
36
Classes P3 and P5 need
special protocols and stabilization
37
Complications of not withholding food prior to induction
esophageal reflux, vomiting, regurgitation, pulmonary aspiration, pneumonia
38
What are the following? -Fluid admin. -Rapid IV access in an emergency -CRI of drugs and anesthetic agents -Admin. of vesicants -Sequential admin. of incompatible drugs
reasons for placing an IV catheter
39
Fluid administration allows the anesthetist to
increase circulating blood volume, increasing CO and tissue perfusion
40
Plasma is _% of body weight
5%
41
Blood volume in dogs and large animals is _-_% of body weight
8-9%
42
Blood volume in cats is _-_% of body weight
6-7%
43
How to calculate blood volume in dogs and large animals
90ml/kg lean body weight
44
How to calculate blood volume in cats
60ml/kg lean body weight
45
Colloids are _ molecular weight plasma proteins
large
46
Ions are small molecular weight and _ charged
electrically
47
Two types of electrolytes
Cations and Anions
48
What are the following -Sodium -Potassium -Magnesium -Calcium
cations
49
Solute concentration (osmolarity) in any fluid compartment must be
300 mOms/L
50
Solutes must provide osmotic pressure to
pull water into a compartment
51
_ of IV fluids administered will stay in the intravascular space
1/3
52
_ of IV fluids will diffuse into the interstitial space
2/3
53
Some solute concentrations (_ and _) must be kept within a narrow range to maintain normal heart and muscle function
Ca2+, K+
54
Perioperative hemorrhage is a loss from the
intravascular space
55
What should be administered for preoperative hemorrhage
hypertonic saline or colloid solutions
56
what should be administered for significant perioperative hemorrhage
blood products
57
What should be administered for low albumin
blood plasma or colloid solutions
58
The following are _ fluids -Similar to ECF -LRS -Normosol-R -Plasma-lyte A and R -Isolyte S
Isotonic, polytonic crystalloids
59
Lactated ringers solution (LR) and Plasma-lyte R (PR) contain calcium and cannot be administered with
blood products
60
_ _ is used to -bath tissues during surgery -to flush IVC -to flush body cavities
Normal saline (NS)
61
Hypertonic saline solutions are used to treat
acute shock, acute blood loss in absence of colloid, BUT should be followed w/ colloid if P needs long-term volume expansion
62
Hypertonicity results in fluid being draw into the intravascular space to maintain
blood pressure
63
Dextrose solutions are used to support
blood sugar levels
64
D5W is used to replace fluid loss due to
dehydration or heat stroke
65
Colloids are used to support
blood volumes and blood pressure
66
Fluid rate for routine anesthesia and surgery
10ml/kg/hr during first hour 5ml/kg/hr during remainder of the procedure
67
Fluid rate for drop in BP
Bolus 10ml/kg, repeat if needed Colloid if 2 boluses unsuccessful
68
Adverse effects of fluid administration
volume overload and over hydration
69
What is used for infusion rates
patient weight and prescribed rate
70
What is used for drip rate
infusion rate, delivery rate, conversion factors
71
Preanesthetic/ preoperative medications
antibiotics, preemptive analgesia, antiemetics, anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory drugs

Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. (14 decks)

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