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Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. > Ch. 2 Patient Preparation > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Patient Preparation Flashcards

1
Q

MPD stands for

A

Minimum patient database

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2
Q

MPD must include

A

Hx, PE, labs

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3
Q

What does confirming the scheduled procedure prevent

A

-anesthetizing the wrong patient
-performing an unnecessary procedure
-not performing a scheduled procedure

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4
Q

What specifics should be known for confirming the procedure

A

-exact location of tumors
-o’s wishes regarding cytology or histology
-o’s wishes regarding decisions during procedure

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5
Q

What breed is sensitive to barbiturates

A

sighthounds

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6
Q

what breeds are sensitive to acepromazine

A

boxers and giant breeds

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7
Q

what breed is resistant to acepromazine

A

terriers

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8
Q

what breed is difficult to intubate

A

brachiocephalic dogs

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9
Q

what horses are sensitive to sedatives

A

draft horses

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10
Q

Past adverse reactions to anesthetic agents

A

Cats- prolonged ketamine recovery
Dogs- behavioral change after acepromazine sedation

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11
Q

Preventative care

A

vaccines
fecal and parasite control
hw status- dogs
FIV and FLV testing- cats
Tetanus toxoid- horses

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12
Q

Sick patients must be _ prior to anesthesia

A

stabilized

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13
Q

What are the most affected systems by anesthetic agents

A

cardiovascular, nervous, pulmonary

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14
Q

When should animals be weighed

A

immediately before anesthetic procedure

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15
Q

What scale should be used for <5kg patient

A

pediatric scale

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16
Q

what scale should be used for a patient <1kg

A

gram scale

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17
Q

How to estimate weight for horses in kg

A

heart girth (cm)2 x length (cm) / 11880

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18
Q

Elevated temperature indicates

A

inflammation

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19
Q

decreased temperature indicates

A

numerous systemic disorders

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20
Q

What heart rhythm is described
-heart rate increases w/ inspiration and decreases with expiration
-dogs, horses, ruminants
-heart rate affected by respiration

A

sinus arrhythmia (SA)

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21
Q

What heart block is described?
-delayed conduction through the AV node
-Detected only on ECG tracing

A

First degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block

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22
Q

What heart block is described?
-Periodic block of conduction through the AV node
-Results in skipped heartbeats

A

Second degree AV heart block

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23
Q

More than _ skipped heartbeat in a row is abnormal and must be reported

A

one

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24
Q

AV blocks are not associated with _ rhythms

A

breathing

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25
Q

How to know the difference between SA and AV block

A

watch P breathe while auscultating the heart

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26
Q

Where should you listen for murmurs

A

over each valve; cranial most aspect of left axilla-PDA

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27
Q

What is a pulse deficit

A

more heartbeats the pulses

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28
Q

What does pulse help determine about blood pressure

A

strong or weak pulse indicates high or low BP

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29
Q

Crackles are _ sounds

A

discontinuous

30
Q

Wheezes are _sounds

A

continuous

31
Q

What is a patient work up based on

A

age, history, PE, and financial considerations

32
Q

Preanesthetic diagnostic tests and procedures

A

CBC, UA, Chem, Coagulation screens, ECG, x-rays, etc.

33
Q

Class P1 is _ anesthetic risk

A

minimal

34
Q

Class P5 is _ anesthetic risk

A

extreme

35
Q

What anesthetic protocol does class P1 and P2 use

A

standard

36
Q

Classes P3 and P5 need

A

special protocols and stabilization

37
Q

Complications of not withholding food prior to induction

A

esophageal reflux, vomiting, regurgitation, pulmonary aspiration, pneumonia

38
Q

What are the following?
-Fluid admin.
-Rapid IV access in an emergency
-CRI of drugs and anesthetic agents
-Admin. of vesicants
-Sequential admin. of incompatible drugs

A

reasons for placing an IV catheter

39
Q

Fluid administration allows the anesthetist to

A

increase circulating blood volume, increasing CO and tissue perfusion

40
Q

Plasma is _% of body weight

A

5%

41
Q

Blood volume in dogs and large animals is -% of body weight

A

8-9%

42
Q

Blood volume in cats is -% of body weight

A

6-7%

43
Q

How to calculate blood volume in dogs and large animals

A

90ml/kg lean body weight

44
Q

How to calculate blood volume in cats

A

60ml/kg lean body weight

45
Q

Colloids are _ molecular weight plasma proteins

A

large

46
Q

Ions are small molecular weight and _ charged

A

electrically

47
Q

Two types of electrolytes

A

Cations and Anions

48
Q

What are the following
-Sodium
-Potassium
-Magnesium
-Calcium

A

cations

49
Q

Solute concentration (osmolarity) in any fluid compartment must be

A

300 mOms/L

50
Q

Solutes must provide osmotic pressure to

A

pull water into a compartment

51
Q

_ of IV fluids administered will stay in the intravascular space

A

1/3

52
Q

_ of IV fluids will diffuse into the interstitial space

A

2/3

53
Q

Some solute concentrations (_ and _) must be kept within a narrow range to maintain normal heart and muscle function

A

Ca2+, K+

54
Q

Perioperative hemorrhage is a loss from the

A

intravascular space

55
Q

What should be administered for preoperative hemorrhage

A

hypertonic saline or colloid solutions

56
Q

what should be administered for significant perioperative hemorrhage

A

blood products

57
Q

What should be administered for low albumin

A

blood plasma or colloid solutions

58
Q

The following are _ fluids
-Similar to ECF
-LRS
-Normosol-R
-Plasma-lyte A and R
-Isolyte S

A

Isotonic, polytonic crystalloids

59
Q

Lactated ringers solution (LR) and Plasma-lyte R (PR) contain calcium and cannot be administered with

A

blood products

60
Q

_ _ is used to
-bath tissues during surgery
-to flush IVC
-to flush body cavities

A

Normal saline (NS)

61
Q

Hypertonic saline solutions are used to treat

A

acute shock, acute blood loss in absence of colloid, BUT should be followed w/ colloid if P needs long-term volume expansion

62
Q

Hypertonicity results in fluid being draw into the intravascular space to maintain

A

blood pressure

63
Q

Dextrose solutions are used to support

A

blood sugar levels

64
Q

D5W is used to replace fluid loss due to

A

dehydration or heat stroke

65
Q

Colloids are used to support

A

blood volumes and blood pressure

66
Q

Fluid rate for routine anesthesia and surgery

A

10ml/kg/hr during first hour
5ml/kg/hr during remainder of the procedure

67
Q

Fluid rate for drop in BP

A

Bolus 10ml/kg, repeat if needed
Colloid if 2 boluses unsuccessful

68
Q

Adverse effects of fluid administration

A

volume overload and over hydration

69
Q

What is used for infusion rates

A

patient weight and prescribed rate

70
Q

What is used for drip rate

A

infusion rate, delivery rate, conversion factors

71
Q

Preanesthetic/ preoperative medications

A

antibiotics, preemptive analgesia, antiemetics, anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory drugs

Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. (8 decks)

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