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Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. > Ch.9 Canine & Feline anesthesia > Flashcards

Ch.9 Canine & Feline anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the following list used to select
-Includes calculated dosages, routes, order of admin.
-Selected by Vet in charge
-Calculate, check, and recheck drug doses, oxygen flow rates, and fluid admin rates
-takes into account MPD, PE, and procedure
-Modified protocol for ill, pediatric, or otherwise comprised animals

A

an anesthetic protocol

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2
Q

What are the periods of anesthesia

A

-Premedication
-Induction
-Maintenance
-Recovery

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3
Q

What is the primary goal of premedication

A

calm patient, allows use of less induction agent

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4
Q

What is the primary goal of induction

A

rapid induction through excitement stage of anesthesia, gain control of airway

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5
Q

Goal of anesthetist is _ induction

A

rapid

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6
Q

Primary goal of maintenance

A

safely maintain patient in the surgical plane of anesthesia

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7
Q

Primary goal of recovery

A

extubation, provide analgesia, +/- thermal support

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8
Q

Induction agents may be given by what routes

A

IM, IV, inhalation

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9
Q

What routes may pre-medications be given

A

SQ, IM, IV

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10
Q

What are the desired effects of premedication or sedation

A

sedation, cholingeric blockage, analgesia, muscle relaxation

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11
Q

Premedication or sedation drugs are

A

tranquilizers, alpha 2 agonists, opioids, dissociative, anticholinergics

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12
Q

_ or _ may diminish the beneficial effects after an IM injection

A

stimulation or excitement

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13
Q

_ should follow immediately after desired effects of an IM injection are reached

A

Induction

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14
Q

_ induction is most common and takes animals through the excitement stage most rapidly

A

IV

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15
Q

_ induction results in smooth, gradual CNS depression with little apparent time spent in the excitement stage

A

IM

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16
Q

When administering IV sedatives, how should you administer the drug?

A

-Don’t administer the entire calculated dose all at once unless otherwise instructed
-Allow for individual patient response to anesthetic

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17
Q

IV induction produces up to _ -_ minutes of anesthesia

A

10-20

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18
Q

What is it called when IV drugs are given as a series of bolus injections and discontinued when desired effect is reached

A

Titration

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19
Q

The following are the benefits of what
-Use in animals which IV injections are difficult
-Young animals, aggressive animals, wild animals, captive animals in zoos

A

IM induction

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20
Q

The dose of a drug needed for IM induction is generally about _ the corresponding IV dose

A

twice

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21
Q

IM induction results in a longer recovery period because of a

A

longer metabolism time

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22
Q

Drugs used for inhalation induction

A

Isoflurane and sevoflurane

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23
Q

Patients induced by inhalation need higher oxygen flow rates than with endotracheal tube (30 times the tidal volume). How do you calculate the flow rate?

A

1-3L/min patients <10kg
3-5L/min patients >10kg

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24
Q

The following are cautions of using a _ for inhalation induction:
-Exposes personnel to waste anesthetic gas
-P struggling can lead to epi release
-Longer induction period, avoid in patients with poor respiratory function
-Intubate immediately when possible
-Always keep airway open

A

Facemask

25
Q

_ is used for inhalation induction with patients <5-7 kg and aggressive

A

Chamber

26
Q

Complications of using a chamber for inhalation induction

A

-Stress, trauma, vomiting, airway blockage
-Hard to monitor
-Exposes personnel to waste anesthetic gas
-Epinephrine release

27
Q

IV injection and ultra short acting agents

A

Propofol, alfaxalone, etomidate

28
Q

What does TIVA stand for

A

Total intravenous anesthesia

29
Q

When using TIVA and ultra short acting agent, patient is induced to effect; additional boluses are administered every - minutes as needed to maintain surgical anesthesia

A

3-5

30
Q

Anesthetist can increase depth but can’t _ depth if excessive

A

decrease

31
Q

How is anesthesia maintained when using TIVA by CRI

A

constantly infusing small amounts of anesthesia via a syringe pump

32
Q

Inhalent induction is _ than IM induction but _ than IV induction

A

faster; slower

33
Q

Factors that affect delay time when using an inhalant agent

A

P respiratory drive
Agent used and carrier gas flow rate
Type and volume of breathing circuit

34
Q

Dynamic elements of both IV and inhalant administration

A

-rapid induction
-good control over both increases and decreases in anesthetic depth
-rapid recovery

35
Q

What is the most commonly used method of inducing and maintaining anesthesia in small animals

A

IV induction and inhalant maintenance

36
Q

What are the benefits of endotracheal intubation

A

-helps maintain open airway
-efficient delivery of anesthetic gas than facemask
-w/ inflated cuff helps prevent aspiration of vomitus, blood, saliva
-reduces anatomic dead space
-ventilation can be supported manually or mechanically

37
Q

How to determine diameter of ET tube

A

small enough to not cause trachea injury but large enough to provide a seal with inflated cuff

38
Q

How to determine length of ET tube

A

must reach the thoracic inlet, must not extend beyond the end of the muzzle

39
Q

You should not attempt intubation unless you can visualize the _

A

larynx

40
Q

How to know if patient is induced enough to intubate

A

unconscious, no voluntary movement, no pedal reflex, sufficient muscle relaxation, no swallowing when the tongue is pulled

41
Q

Steps after patient is intubated

A

lay lateral
secure tube
turn on oxygen
inflate cuff
attach breathing circuit
turn on anesthetic vaporizer
begin P monitoring

42
Q

How to check for proper tube placement

A

-visualize larynx and confirm location
-watch reservoir bag as animal breathes
-feel for air movement from tube connector
-fogging of tube during exhalation
-unidirectional valve motion
-ability of patient to vocalize
-P coughing
-capnometer connection

43
Q

What is the reflex closure of the glottis in response to contact with an object or substance called

A

laryngospasm

44
Q

Laryngospasm is common in ,,_ in light plane of anesthesia

A

cats, swine, small ruminants

45
Q

Laryngospasm during intubation may lead to

A

cyanosis or hypoxemia

46
Q

Prevention of laryngospasm

A

-2% injectable lidocaine or lidocaine gel
-adequate depth of anesthesia
-wait for glottis to open before intubating
-dont force tube

47
Q

Despite all precautions, many animals will develop a _ for 1-2 days after the use of an ET tube

A

cough

48
Q

What should you do when turning a patient during an anesthetic procedure

A

disconnect tube temporarily

49
Q

What should be done during anesthesia if one lung is disease in a patient

A

place normal lung up

50
Q

What is anesthetic recovery

A

the period between the time the anesthetic is discontinued and the time the patient is able to stand and walk without assistance

51
Q

Influencing factors of anesthetic recovery

A

-length of anesthetic period
-condition of patient
-type of anesthetic admin. and route
-patient body temp
-patient breed

52
Q

In the recovery period, you should administer oxygen as necessary, especially in _ patients

A

shivering

53
Q

When should the ET tube be removed

A

when swallowing reflex returns OR when signs of impending arousal are present (voluntary limb, tail, or head movements)

54
Q

How long after a procedure should an IVC be removed?

A

until recovery is complete

55
Q

What should be done in recovery to prevent hypostatic congestion

A

turning every 10-15 minutes

56
Q

What can you do to hasten recovery

A

gentle stimulation (talking, rubbing gently moving ET tube)

57
Q

Analgesics should be administer when

A

before the onset of pain

58
Q

What does adequate analgesia look like

A

patient sleeps comfortably with minimal signs of discomfort

Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. (8 decks)

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