Bovine Surgical Procedures

Question 1

What type of surgery is preferred?

Answer 1

Standing

Question 2

Sedation/Tranquilization may lead to _; _ helps by decreasing rumen contents

Answer 2

bloat; fasting

Question 3

Most common local anesthetics

Answer 3

-lidocaine (cheapest, least toxic)
-mepivacaine
-bupivacaine

Question 4

The following are signs of _ toxicity
-Respiratory depression
-Hypotension
-Muscle twitching
-Drowsiness

Answer 4

lidocaine

Question 5

What is the max dose of lidocaine to be given

Answer 5

13mg/kg

Question 6

L block is used for

Answer 6

standing flank laparotomies

Question 7

Use of paravertebral block

Answer 7

-to create a large flank anesthetic zone (skin down) to peritoneum
-blocks spinal nerves at T13, L1, and L2

Question 8

Dorsal approach to paravertebral block is in effect from skin to peritoneum, including the _ muscle

Answer 8

longissimus

Question 9

The paravertebral block will provide analgesia to a larger area and allows the use of less

Answer 9

local anesthetic

Question 10

Use of cornual nerve block

Answer 10

desensitization of the horn and horn base

Question 11

Cornual nerve block is used in

Answer 11

cattle and goats

Question 12

Cornual nerve block blocks how many nerves

Answer 12

one

Question 13

Use - ml in calves for cornual nerve block

Answer 13

3-5

Question 14

Use - ml in adults for cornual nerve block

Answer 14

5-10

Question 15

What is does Bier block provide

Answer 15

Intravenous regional analgesia

Question 16

IV analgesia (Bier Block) is considered superior to specific nerve blocks and ring blocks for most surgical procedures of the _ _

Answer 16

distal extremities

Question 17

For feet procedures using Bier block, place a tourniquet at

Answer 17

midcarpus or mid tarsus

Question 18

For proximal procedures using Bier Block, place tourniquet just proximal to

Answer 18

carpus or tarsus

Question 19

Do not leave a tourniquet in place for longer than _ hours

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Caudal epidural analgesia is commonly used in _ and _

Answer 20

obstetrics and prolapses

Question 21

Caudal epidural analgesia desensitizes what

Answer 21

anus, perineum, vulva, caudal vagina, and caudal aspects of the thighs

Question 22

Reasons for castration

Answer 22

-consumer preference: better-tasting meat
-better animal disposition

Question 23

What is the best age to castrate

Answer 23

1-4 weeks or under 3 months to minimize stress

Question 24

What are the 2 different types of “Knife method” of castration

Answer 24

-Jack knife or blade
-Newberry knife method (common for bulls >500lbs)

Question 25

Elastic ring elastrators are used for calves under what age

Answer 25

under 2 weeks

Question 26

Elastic ring elastrators cause _ of the scrotum and the testicles, sloughs off in 2-3 weeks

Answer 26

necrosis

Question 27

What are the problems with elastic ring elastrators

Answer 27

attracts flies, tetanus, black leg, and malignant edema (clostridial diseases)

Question 28

The following is post op care for _ -closure via second intention -insect protection -check hemorrhage and infection -place animal in clean, dry area alone -return to mother if still nursing -some swelling is normal

Answer 28

Castration

Question 29

What is the definition of prolapse

Answer 29

protrusion of an organ through an opening

Question 30

The following are causes of _ -Obesity -Estrogen (growth implants, food) -Straining, constipation, and diarrhea -Forced delivery: most common -Breeding injury -Urogenital defects -Coughing

Answer 30

prolapse

Question 31

3 main types of prolapse

Answer 31

-Rectal -Vaginal (last 2 wks of gestation) -Uterine (within a few hours postpartum)

Question 32

When must prolapse be treated

Answer 32

immediately

Question 33

Treatment of prolapse

Answer 33

-Clean w/ iodine -Replace organ -Give epidural to prevent further anesthesia -Purse string suture w/ umbilical tape in vulva to help prevent prolapse again -Antibiotics -Fluids if animal in shock

Question 34

Reasons for dehorning

Answer 34

-horned bring less money -dangerous

Question 35

Why is dehorning recommended early in life

Answer 35

older animals= higher risk hemorrhage, complications, sinusitis and possible brain abscess; much more complicated procedure

Question 36

What is disbudding

Answer 36

horns removed before they develop

Question 37

Dehorning is done in the _ _ of life

Answer 37

first month

Question 38

What nerve block is used for dehorning

Answer 38

cornual nerve block

Question 39

What surgical approach is used for abdominal exploratories, correction of abomasal displacements and torsions, and where MOST abdominal exploratory laparotomies are performed through?

Answer 39

Right flank

Question 40

What surgical approach is used for c-sections, rumenotomies, and rumenostomies?

Answer 40

Left flank

Question 41

What surgical approach is used for abomasopexies, c-sections, and umbilical procedures?

Answer 41

ventral midline or paramedian celiotomy

Question 42

What are the surgical approaches for laparotomies?

Answer 42

-flank laparotomy (most) -ventral middle or paramedian approach (may be required)

Question 43

What anesthetic techniques are used for abdominal surgery?

Answer 43

Regional analgesic techniques (Lidocaine, Inverted L block, paravertebral analgesia)

Question 44

How can successful placement of paravertebral blocks be confirmed?

Answer 44

observation of scoliosis

Question 45

Indications for C-section

Answer 45

-Dystocia -Malposition -Excessively large calf

Question 46

What approaches can be used for C-section

Answer 46

-flank (right or LEFT) -paramedian approaches (right or left) -ventral midline approach

Question 47

After a laparotomy, the diet should be restricted to _ only, and grain should be introduced gradually into the diet once recovery is complete

Answer 47

roughage

Question 48

What instrument is used to assist in placing purse string needle for prolapse

Answer 48

Buhner needle