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Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. > Bovine Surgical Procedures > Flashcards

Bovine Surgical Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What type of surgery is preferred?

A

Standing

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2
Q

Sedation/Tranquilization may lead to _; _ helps by decreasing rumen contents

A

bloat; fasting

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3
Q

Most common local anesthetics

A

-lidocaine (cheapest, least toxic)
-mepivacaine
-bupivacaine

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4
Q

The following are signs of _ toxicity
-Respiratory depression
-Hypotension
-Muscle twitching
-Drowsiness

A

lidocaine

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5
Q

What is the max dose of lidocaine to be given

A

13mg/kg

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6
Q

L block is used for

A

standing flank laparotomies

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7
Q

Use of paravertebral block

A

-to create a large flank anesthetic zone (skin down) to peritoneum
-blocks spinal nerves at T13, L1, and L2

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8
Q

Dorsal approach to paravertebral block is in effect from skin to peritoneum, including the _ muscle

A

longissimus

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9
Q

The paravertebral block will provide analgesia to a larger area and allows the use of less

A

local anesthetic

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10
Q

Use of cornual nerve block

A

desensitization of the horn and horn base

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11
Q

Cornual nerve block is used in

A

cattle and goats

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12
Q

Cornual nerve block blocks how many nerves

A

one

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13
Q

Use - ml in calves for cornual nerve block

A

3-5

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14
Q

Use - ml in adults for cornual nerve block

A

5-10

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15
Q

What is does Bier block provide

A

Intravenous regional analgesia

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16
Q

IV analgesia (Bier Block) is considered superior to specific nerve blocks and ring blocks for most surgical procedures of the _ _

A

distal extremities

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17
Q

For feet procedures using Bier block, place a tourniquet at

A

midcarpus or mid tarsus

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18
Q

For proximal procedures using Bier Block, place tourniquet just proximal to

A

carpus or tarsus

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19
Q

Do not leave a tourniquet in place for longer than _ hours

A

2

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20
Q

Caudal epidural analgesia is commonly used in _ and _

A

obstetrics and prolapses

21
Q

Caudal epidural analgesia desensitizes what

A

anus, perineum, vulva, caudal vagina, and caudal aspects of the thighs

22
Q

Reasons for castration

A

-consumer preference: better-tasting meat
-better animal disposition

23
Q

What is the best age to castrate

A

1-4 weeks or under 3 months to minimize stress

24
Q

What are the 2 different types of “Knife method” of castration

A

-Jack knife or blade
-Newberry knife method (common for bulls >500lbs)

25
Q

Elastic ring elastrators are used for calves under what age

A

under 2 weeks

26
Q

Elastic ring elastrators cause _ of the scrotum and the testicles, sloughs off in 2-3 weeks

A

necrosis

27
Q

What are the problems with elastic ring elastrators

A

attracts flies, tetanus, black leg, and malignant edema (clostridial diseases)

28
Q

The following is post op care for _
-closure via second intention
-insect protection
-check hemorrhage and infection
-place animal in clean, dry area alone
-return to mother if still nursing
-some swelling is normal

A

Castration

29
Q

What is the definition of prolapse

A

protrusion of an organ through an opening

30
Q

The following are causes of _
-Obesity
-Estrogen (growth implants, food)
-Straining, constipation, and diarrhea
-Forced delivery: most common
-Breeding injury
-Urogenital defects
-Coughing

A

prolapse

31
Q

3 main types of prolapse

A

-Rectal
-Vaginal (last 2 wks of gestation)
-Uterine (within a few hours postpartum)

32
Q

When must prolapse be treated

A

immediately

33
Q

Treatment of prolapse

A

-Clean w/ iodine
-Replace organ
-Give epidural to prevent further anesthesia
-Purse string suture w/ umbilical tape in vulva to help prevent prolapse again
-Antibiotics
-Fluids if animal in shock

34
Q

Reasons for dehorning

A

-horned bring less money
-dangerous

35
Q

Why is dehorning recommended early in life

A

older animals= higher risk hemorrhage, complications, sinusitis and possible brain abscess; much more complicated procedure

36
Q

What is disbudding

A

horns removed before they develop

37
Q

Dehorning is done in the _ _ of life

A

first month

38
Q

What nerve block is used for dehorning

A

cornual nerve block

39
Q

What surgical approach is used for abdominal exploratories, correction of abomasal displacements and torsions, and where MOST abdominal exploratory laparotomies are performed through?

A

Right flank

40
Q

What surgical approach is used for c-sections, rumenotomies, and rumenostomies?

A

Left flank

41
Q

What surgical approach is used for abomasopexies, c-sections, and umbilical procedures?

A

ventral midline or paramedian celiotomy

42
Q

What are the surgical approaches for laparotomies?

A

-flank laparotomy (most)
-ventral middle or paramedian approach (may be required)

43
Q

What anesthetic techniques are used for abdominal surgery?

A

Regional analgesic techniques (Lidocaine, Inverted L block, paravertebral analgesia)

44
Q

How can successful placement of paravertebral blocks be confirmed?

A

observation of scoliosis

45
Q

Indications for C-section

A

-Dystocia
-Malposition
-Excessively large calf

46
Q

What approaches can be used for C-section

A

-flank (right or LEFT)
-paramedian approaches (right or left)
-ventral midline approach

47
Q

After a laparotomy, the diet should be restricted to _ only, and grain should be introduced gradually into the diet once recovery is complete

A

roughage

48
Q

What instrument is used to assist in placing purse string needle for prolapse

A

Buhner needle

Vet. Anesthesiology & Sx proc. (14 decks)

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