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Infectious Diseases > Ruminant infectious foot diseases > Flashcards

Ruminant infectious foot diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does foot and mouth disease affect?

A

Cloven hoofed animals

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2
Q

Why is bovine digital dermatitis a economic problem?

A

Causes reduction in milk yield + reproduction

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3
Q

Where are digital dermatitis lesions located?

A

above coronet between heel bulbs

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4
Q

What bacteria are present in digital dermatitis lesions?

A

Fusobacteria
Dichelobacter
Campylobacter
Mycoplasma
Spirochaetes

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5
Q

What staining of skin biopsies is used to identify spiral organisms?

A

Silver nitrate

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6
Q

What is always seen in BDD lesions that is not seen in normal skin?

A

Spirochaetes

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7
Q

What are the 3 treponmes?
What are these in humans?

A

*Treponema medium - human periodontal spirochete
*Treponema phagedenis - human commensal of genital urinary tract
*Treponema denticola - human periodontal spirochete

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8
Q

What is the aetiological agent of BDD?

A

Treponemes

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9
Q

What gram is BDD bacteria?

A

Gram negative

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10
Q

How is digital dermatitis diganosed?

A

Usually visual - lameness + lesion score

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11
Q

How is digital dermatitis treated?

A

*footbaths - formalin (chemical) / lincospectin (antibiotic)
*topical tx - Tetracycline spray
-Penicillin / macrolides

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12
Q

When are BDD outbreaks highest?

A

Winter (housing) months

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13
Q

What are infection resevoirs for BDD?

A

*Ruminant GI
*Slurry
*Direct contact
*Foot trimming equipment

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14
Q

How is BDD controlled?

A

*Regular footbathing
*Improve biosecurity + hygiene

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15
Q

How is CODD diagnosed?

A

*Visual - lameness + lesion score

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16
Q

What is the treatment of CODD?

A

*Footbaths - formalin (chemical)
-Lincospectin (antibiotic)
*Topical treatments - Tetracycline spray
*amoxicillin/penicillin or macrolides (systemic)

17
Q

What are risk factors for CODD?

A

*Dairy cattle in close proximity
*Foot rot
*Ruminant GI
*Direct contact
*Foot trimming equipment

18
Q

How is CODD controlled?

A

*Regular footbathing
*Improve hygiene + biosecurity
*Individual systemic LA amoxicillin tx
*Isolate lame sheep

19
Q

What does ovine footrot begin as?

A

Interdigital dermatitis

20
Q

What is the primary agent of ovine footrot?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus - gram negative anaerobe

21
Q

What are the virulence factors of dichelobacter nodosus?

A

*produce extracellular proteases
*Has fimbriae = motility + adherence
*Fimbrial proteins = highly immunogenic

22
Q

What climates do footrot like?

A

Mild climate with abundant rainfall (UK)

23
Q

What is another gram negative anaerobe found in footrot lesions?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

24
Q

How is footrot diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

25
Q

How is footrot treated?

A

*formalin + zinc sulfate footbaths
*Topical disinfectants + antibiotics

26
Q

How is footrot controlled?

A

 Footbathing, Foot trimming
 - antibiotic injections LA amoxicillin
 - vaccination: based on fimbrial proteins e.g. 8-10 serogroups
 - biosecurity, isolation & selection for resistance (culling)

27
Q

What is the colloquial term for ovine interdigital dermatitis?

A

Scald

28
Q

What does scald look like?

A

 Red/pink inflammation of skin between claws with white/grey pasty ‘scum’ on top.

29
Q

What bacteria is found in scald lesions?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

30
Q

What is the treatment + control of scald?

A

Same as footrot

31
Q

What is the treatment + control of scald?

A

Same as footrot

32
Q

What is bovine foul in the foot?

A

bovine interdigital phlegmon

33
Q

What bacteria are in bovine foul in the foot?

A

*Fusobacterium necrophorum
*Bacteriodes melaninogenicus

34
Q

What is the clinical signs of foul in the foot?

A

*Severe lameness
*Animal holds leg in the air to relieve pressure
*Swelling of interdigital space
*Fever
*Anorexia
*reduced milk yield

35
Q

What is the treatment of foul in the foot?

A

3 day systemic penicillin, oxytet / macrolide
TOPICAL NOT EFFECTIVE

36
Q

What is the control of foul in the foot?

A

Footbathing with disinfectants

37
Q

What is an infection reservoir of foul in the foot?

A

Environment + manure

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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