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Infectious Diseases > Porcine GI Disease > Flashcards

Porcine GI Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause a bacterial infection of pig GI?

A
  • Lawsonia intracellularis
  • Brachyspira
  • Escherichia coli
  • Clostridium spp.
  • Salmonella enterica
  • Campylobacter
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2
Q

What does Lawsonia - Porcine proliferative Enteritis (PPE) affect? + What does it cause?

A

*Finisher pigs
*Causes acute bloody diarrhoea + Sudden death
* or Chronic + sub-clinical carriage

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3
Q

What does PPE cause in the ileum?

A
  • Proliferative lesions of enterocytes lead to ‘hose pipe-like’
    appearance of ileum with thickening of walls
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4
Q

What does Haemorrhagic bowel syndrome cause? What does it affect?

A

*HBS less frequent than PPE and doesn’t cause diarrhoea
*Affects grower pigs = sudden death

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5
Q

What can be seen post-mortem with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome?

A

Thinning of ileal walls with haemorrhage leading to blood filled intestines

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6
Q

How does a PPE / HBS infection manifest?

A
  • Infection of enterocytes causes proliferation/hyperplasia of crypt cells leading to distinct lesions
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7
Q

What agent causes Porcine proliferative enteritis and haemorrhagic bowel syndrome?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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8
Q

How is PPE + HBS diagnosed?

A

*Clinical signs
*Histopathology of lesions + presence of intracellular bacteria
*PCR to confirm Lawsonia - not campylobacter

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9
Q

How is PPE + HBS controlled?

A

*Vaccine

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10
Q

How is PPE + HBS treated?

A

*Antibiotics

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11
Q

What does E. coli cause in pigs?

A

*Neonatal scour
*Post weaning Diarrhoea
*Oedema disease

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12
Q

What is oedema disease?

A

*Affects post weaning pigs
*Shiga toxin act on blood vessels + endothelial cells
*Toxin has range of effects including neurological problems
*High mortality + rapid onset

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of oedema disease?

A

*Unusual squeal
*Stupor = dull
*Ataxia
*Anorexia
*Fluid accumulation / lesions in Gut, cardio-pulmonary system, brain
*Diarrhoea = rare
*Oedema of face = common

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14
Q

How is oedema disease diagnosed?

A

*Culture
*Serotyping
*ID of toxins

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15
Q

How is oedema disease controlled?

A

*Good hygiene + management
*Antimicrobials
*Vaccine

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16
Q

Why is control of clostridium difficult?

A

Found in normal gut flora

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17
Q

What are different species of clostridium?

A

*C. perfringens
*C. difficle

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18
Q

What does clostridium perfringens cause in pigs?

A

*Toxin produced causes ‘gassy’ diarrhoea + necrotic lesions
*Type A = low grade chronic diarrhoea
*Type C = early colonisation of neonatal piglets can result in acute high mortality disease

19
Q

What pig does clostridium novyi affect?

A

*Outdoor reared sows - source in soil
-causes systemic infection

20
Q

How does C. novyi cause damage in sows?

A

*Migration of bacteria from gut to liver
*Toxins produced in liver = necrotic / gangrene like lesions
*‘Aero chocolate’ liver

21
Q

How is clostridial disease diagnosed?

A

*Post mortem - gram staining of mucosal lesions

22
Q

How is clostridial disease controlled?

A

*Vaccine

23
Q

What is treatment of clostridial disease?

A

*Antibiotic therapy - no tx for Type C as irreversible once symptoms appear

24
Q

What can salmonella cause in pigs?

A

*Enteric disease
*Systemic disease
*Carried in gut + mesenteric lymph nodes = zoonotic

25
Q

What species of salmonella is a problem in pigs?

A

*S. Cholerasuis
*S. Typhimurium

26
Q

What does S. Cholerasuis cause in pigs?

A

*Necrotic enteritis
*Septicaemia

27
Q

How is salmonella diagnosed?

A

*Culture of faecal material
*Serotyping + phage typing

28
Q

How is salmonella treated + controlled?

A

*Antimicrobials
*Probiotics can reduce transmission
*Good management + hygiene
*VACCINE

29
Q

What species of campylobacter can cause porcine enteritis?

A

*C. coli
*C. mucosalis

30
Q

What species of campylobacter can be carried without disease and be a risk to humans?

A

*C. coli
*C. jejuni

31
Q

What are viral infections of pigs?

A

*Rotavirus
*Coronavirus + TGE virus (TRansmissible gastroenteritiis
*Porcine Circovirus

32
Q

What serogroups of rotavirus affect pigs?

A

*A, B, C, E

33
Q

How does porcine rotavirus cause infection?

A

*Virus infects intestinal epithelial cells damaging villus tips leading to enteritis + scour in piglets.
*Can be a co-infection with E.coli

34
Q

How is rotavirus diagnosed?

A

*ELISA
*IFAT
*PCR

35
Q

What is treatment of rotavirus?

A

NO specific treatment
*Dehydration = main problem

36
Q

How is rotavirus prevented?

A

*Vaccine for serogroup A
*Good management + hygiene

37
Q

What does Porcine Coronavirus - porcine epidemic diarrhoea cause? (PEDV)

A

*High morbidity + mortality diarrhoea in piglets
*Damage gut epithelial cells + destruct villus structure
NO VACCINE OR TX

38
Q

What does transmissible gastroenteritis cause? (TGE)

A

*Very high mortality in piglets due to acute = productive diarrhoea
* Diarrhoea + vomiting in older sows
NO TX - vaccines available in USA

39
Q

What can Porcine Circovirus cause? (PCV)

A

*PCV 1 = avirulent
*PCV 2 = Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)

40
Q

What is PMWS?

A

Postweaning Multisystemic Weaning syndrome
*Occurs at 2-4 month old
*Chronic wasting, diarrhoea + enteritis
*Occasional skin lesions

41
Q

How is Porcine circovirus diagnosed?

A

*Clinical signs
*PCR confirmation

42
Q

What is treatment of porcine circovirus?

A

NO TX
*prevent other infections
*Vaccines available

43
Q

What are protozoal infections of pigs?

A

*Coccidiosis - Eimeria + Isospora
*Cryptosporidium

44
Q

What helminths can cause diarrhoea in pigs?

A

*Ascarids - Ascaris suum
*Strongyloides in piglets
*Trichuris suis

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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