Porcine GI Disease Flashcards
What can cause a bacterial infection of pig GI?
- Lawsonia intracellularis
- Brachyspira
- Escherichia coli
- Clostridium spp.
- Salmonella enterica
- Campylobacter
What does Lawsonia - Porcine proliferative Enteritis (PPE) affect? + What does it cause?
*Finisher pigs
*Causes acute bloody diarrhoea + Sudden death
* or Chronic + sub-clinical carriage
What does PPE cause in the ileum?
- Proliferative lesions of enterocytes lead to ‘hose pipe-like’
appearance of ileum with thickening of walls
What does Haemorrhagic bowel syndrome cause? What does it affect?
*HBS less frequent than PPE and doesn’t cause diarrhoea
*Affects grower pigs = sudden death
What can be seen post-mortem with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
Thinning of ileal walls with haemorrhage leading to blood filled intestines
How does a PPE / HBS infection manifest?
- Infection of enterocytes causes proliferation/hyperplasia of crypt cells leading to distinct lesions
What agent causes Porcine proliferative enteritis and haemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
Lawsonia intracellularis
How is PPE + HBS diagnosed?
*Clinical signs
*Histopathology of lesions + presence of intracellular bacteria
*PCR to confirm Lawsonia - not campylobacter
How is PPE + HBS controlled?
*Vaccine
How is PPE + HBS treated?
*Antibiotics
What does E. coli cause in pigs?
*Neonatal scour
*Post weaning Diarrhoea
*Oedema disease
What is oedema disease?
*Affects post weaning pigs
*Shiga toxin act on blood vessels + endothelial cells
*Toxin has range of effects including neurological problems
*High mortality + rapid onset
What are clinical signs of oedema disease?
*Unusual squeal
*Stupor = dull
*Ataxia
*Anorexia
*Fluid accumulation / lesions in Gut, cardio-pulmonary system, brain
*Diarrhoea = rare
*Oedema of face = common
How is oedema disease diagnosed?
*Culture
*Serotyping
*ID of toxins
How is oedema disease controlled?
*Good hygiene + management
*Antimicrobials
*Vaccine
Why is control of clostridium difficult?
Found in normal gut flora
What are different species of clostridium?
*C. perfringens
*C. difficle
What does clostridium perfringens cause in pigs?
*Toxin produced causes ‘gassy’ diarrhoea + necrotic lesions
*Type A = low grade chronic diarrhoea
*Type C = early colonisation of neonatal piglets can result in acute high mortality disease
What pig does clostridium novyi affect?
*Outdoor reared sows - source in soil
-causes systemic infection
How does C. novyi cause damage in sows?
*Migration of bacteria from gut to liver
*Toxins produced in liver = necrotic / gangrene like lesions
*‘Aero chocolate’ liver
How is clostridial disease diagnosed?
*Post mortem - gram staining of mucosal lesions
How is clostridial disease controlled?
*Vaccine
What is treatment of clostridial disease?
*Antibiotic therapy - no tx for Type C as irreversible once symptoms appear
What can salmonella cause in pigs?
*Enteric disease
*Systemic disease
*Carried in gut + mesenteric lymph nodes = zoonotic
What species of salmonella is a problem in pigs?
*S. Cholerasuis
*S. Typhimurium
What does S. Cholerasuis cause in pigs?
*Necrotic enteritis
*Septicaemia
How is salmonella diagnosed?
*Culture of faecal material
*Serotyping + phage typing
How is salmonella treated + controlled?
*Antimicrobials
*Probiotics can reduce transmission
*Good management + hygiene
*VACCINE
What species of campylobacter can cause porcine enteritis?
*C. coli
*C. mucosalis
What species of campylobacter can be carried without disease and be a risk to humans?
*C. coli
*C. jejuni
What are viral infections of pigs?
*Rotavirus
*Coronavirus + TGE virus (TRansmissible gastroenteritiis
*Porcine Circovirus
What serogroups of rotavirus affect pigs?
*A, B, C, E
How does porcine rotavirus cause infection?
*Virus infects intestinal epithelial cells damaging villus tips leading to enteritis + scour in piglets.
*Can be a co-infection with E.coli
How is rotavirus diagnosed?
*ELISA
*IFAT
*PCR
What is treatment of rotavirus?
NO specific treatment
*Dehydration = main problem
How is rotavirus prevented?
*Vaccine for serogroup A
*Good management + hygiene
What does Porcine Coronavirus - porcine epidemic diarrhoea cause? (PEDV)
*High morbidity + mortality diarrhoea in piglets
*Damage gut epithelial cells + destruct villus structure
NO VACCINE OR TX
What does transmissible gastroenteritis cause? (TGE)
*Very high mortality in piglets due to acute = productive diarrhoea
* Diarrhoea + vomiting in older sows
NO TX - vaccines available in USA
What can Porcine Circovirus cause? (PCV)
*PCV 1 = avirulent
*PCV 2 = Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
What is PMWS?
Postweaning Multisystemic Weaning syndrome
*Occurs at 2-4 month old
*Chronic wasting, diarrhoea + enteritis
*Occasional skin lesions
How is Porcine circovirus diagnosed?
*Clinical signs
*PCR confirmation
What is treatment of porcine circovirus?
NO TX
*prevent other infections
*Vaccines available
What are protozoal infections of pigs?
*Coccidiosis - Eimeria + Isospora
*Cryptosporidium
What helminths can cause diarrhoea in pigs?
*Ascarids - Ascaris suum
*Strongyloides in piglets
*Trichuris suis
