Farm Animal vaccines (advanced)

Question 1

Whats the benefit of reverse vaccinology?

Answer 1

Can develop vaccines in months rather than years

Question 2

What can be used to find immunogenic antigens

Answer 2

Proteonomics

Question 3

What does efficacy of vaccine depend on?

Answer 3

*When it is delivered
*How it is delivered
*The vaccine itself

Question 4

What factors should be considered with vaccines?

Answer 4

*Age - neonates poorly responsive
*Need for boosters - length of immunity
*Vaccine type - safety of live vaccines
*Cost
*Herd immunity
*Single v Multiple vaccines - convenience, + cost v safety, adjuvants effect

Question 5

What are adjuvants, what is an example?

Answer 5

*Compound given with antigen in vaccine that develop immune response
*E.g. Aluminium salts

Question 6

How do adjuvants work?

Answer 6

*By stimulating antigen presenting cells
*Can modify response to Th1 +Th2

Question 7

What is herd immunity?

Answer 7

Vaccination of proportion of population gives protection to whole population

Question 8

What is best way to vaccinate?

Answer 8

Targeted delivery
*Delivery to respiratory / intestinal mucosa for these systems
*Needle good for systemic infections + antibody responses

Question 9

What type of booster is better? Homologous or heterologous?

Answer 9

*Heterologous = better

Question 10

What are different ways of giving vaccines?

Answer 10

*Needle
*Orally / nasally
*Eye drops
*Drinking water - fish, poultry
*Spray / inhalation - poultry
*Gel drop
*In ovo

Question 11

How do you make sure all birds get vaccines in drinking water?

Answer 11

*Turn water supply off to make chicks thirsty