Respiratory disease / Pneumonia

Question 1

What are the cattle paramyxoviridae viruses?

Answer 1

1. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
2. Parainfluenza Virus 3
   ssRNA, enveloped

Question 2

What are the cattle herpesviridae virus?

Answer 2

1. Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (IBR)
   DNA virus

Question 3

What are the cattle flaviviridae virus?

Answer 3

1. Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVD)
   ssRNA, enveloped

Question 4

What is the pathogenesis of paramyxoviridae?

Answer 4

*Proteins are required for attachment to the target cell
*Fusion proteins induce fusion between the viral envelope and the target cell membrane
*Virus nucleocapsids are then released into the cytoplasm.

Question 5

What is the incubation period and shedding time of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus?

Answer 5

Incubation = 2-8days
Shedding = 2-3wks

Question 6

What does Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus cause?

Answer 6

*Interstitial pneumonia
*Interstitial emphysema
*Formation of multinucleated giant cells, often containing eosinophilic inclusion bodies

Question 7

What does Bovine Parainfluenza virus cause?

Answer 7

*Bronchitis
*Bronchiolitis
*Alveolar cell thickening and hyperplasia
*Possibly also giant cells
*Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lungs days 5-7

Question 8

What does IBR affect what does it cause?

Answer 8

*Cattle 6-18 months old
*Sloughing of epithelial cells in the Upper Resp Tract
*Necrosis leaves animal open to bacterial infection

Question 9

What does BVD cause in each trimester?

Answer 9

*1st trimester = Reproductive losses
*2nd trimester = Production of Persistently Infected calf (possible teratogenic effects)
*3rd trimester = Foetus fights off virus

Question 10

What is OPA / Jaagsiekte?

Answer 10

Retrovirus
Targets type II pneumocytes
Multifocal lesions
Chronic wasting disease

Question 11

What is Maedi?

Answer 11

*Retrovirus
*Small Ruminant Lentivirus
*Transmitted by infected colostrum and milk as well as the respiratory route
*Infects monocytes
*Progressive lymphoid infiltration and smooth muscle hyperplasia in the lungs.
*Development of clinical signs takes years

Question 12

What is Pasteurellaceae?

Answer 12

*Cattle bacteria
*Gram negative, facultative anaerobes
*Bacilli or coccobacilli
*Host-specific RTX toxin
*Fibrinous Pleurisy & intra-alveolar fibrin deposition

Question 13

What are species of Pasteurellaceae?

Answer 13

*Mannheimia haemolytica
*Pasteurella multocida
*Histophilus somni

Question 14

What is mannnheimia hameolytica infection also known as?

Answer 14

Shipping fever

Question 15

What is histophilus somni?

Answer 15

*Commensal in the genital tract
*Pathogenic in the respiratory tract
*Lipoligossacharides provoke host inflammatory response – can lead to thrombus formation
*Histamine release

Question 16

What is mycoplasmataceae?

Answer 16

*No cell wall
*Gram +ve
*Found in URT and LRT
*Can survive in epithelial and inflammatory cells

Question 17

What can mycoplasma bovis cause?

Answer 17

• “Cuffing” pneumonia
• Septic arthritis
• Otitis media
• Mastitis

Question 18

What can cause pasteurellosis in sheep?

Answer 18

*Mannheimia haemolytica
*Bibersteinia trehalosi

Question 19

How is Maedi-visna diagnosed?

Answer 19

ELISA

Question 20

How are these respiratory diseases prevented?

Answer 20

*Colostrum
*Housing
*Vaccination

Question 21

What does mycoplasma form in the lungs? Why is this a problem?

Answer 21

Forms microabscesses in lungs - can’t be penetrated by antibiotics as it can hide intracellularly