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Infectious Diseases > Poultry immunosuppressive diseases > Flashcards

Poultry immunosuppressive diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are some immunosuppressive diseases?

A

*Infectious bursal disease virus
*Chicken anaemia virus
*Marek’s virus
*Reticuloendotheliosis virus
*Reovirus
*Haemorrhagic enteritis virus
*Mycotoxins

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2
Q

What are the different pathotypes of infectious bursal disease virus? IBDV +What do they cause?

A

*Mild strains = no clinical signs or mortality - causes bursal lesions
*Classical strain = mortality <20%, bursal lesion, moderate break through of MDA
*Very virulent strains = severe mortality >20%, bursal lesions + Break through high MDA levels
*Variant strains = <5%mortality, severe bursal lesions + immunosuppression

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3
Q

What are the effect of an IBDV infection?

A

*Destruction of B-cells
*Decrease in no. and function of plasma cells
*Decrease in antibody production
*Decreased immune response to vaccinations
*Increased susceptibility to other pathogenic + opportunistic agents

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4
Q

What are the signs of acute clinical IBD?

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Depression, ruffled feathers, vent pecking
  • After 3 days of infection, mortality (normal % – 90+%)
    and morbidity peaks and slows down by 5-7 days later
  • Mortality in layer-type tend to be higher than meat-type
  • Dehydration
  • Muscular haemorrhage
  • Variable size and bursal lesion depending on disease
    progress
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5
Q

What is seen with very virulent IBD (VVIBD)?

A

*Higher morbidity + mortality
*More prominent haemorrhage on muscle, proventriculus + bursa
*More severe lesions on bursa

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6
Q

What is seen with subclinical IBD?

A

*No mortality pattern
*Increased 2ary infection
*Lesions = bursal atrophy + associated with other secondary pathogens

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7
Q

How is IBDV diagnosed?

A

*Clinical signs
*Necropsy
*Histopathology
*Serology

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8
Q

What are differential diagnoses to IBDV?

A
  • Coccidiosis
  • Nephrogenic IBVs
  • Newcastle disease
  • Marek’s disease
  • Adenoviruses
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9
Q

How is IBDV controlled?

A

*Biosecurity
*Management
*Vaccination

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10
Q

How is IBDV transmitted?

A

Horizontal transmission

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11
Q

What type of virus is Chicken anaemia virus?

A

DNA virus

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12
Q

What are different transmission routes of Chicken anaemia virus?

A

*Vertical
*Horizontal - faeco-oral

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13
Q

What organs does chicken anaemia virus affect? What does it cause?

A

*Thymus
*Spleen
*Bone marrow
-atrophy
-immunosuppression
-anaemia

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14
Q

What are clinical signs of chicken anaemia virus?

A

*anorexic
*Weak + depressed
*Pale
*Low PCV
*anaemic on blood smears
*Leukopenia / pancytopenia

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15
Q

What do chicken anaemia lesions look like? where are they found?

A

*Thymus = pale + atrophy
*Bursa of fabricous = small
*Bone marrow = pale / yellow

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16
Q

How is chicken anaemia virus diagnosed? + confirmed?

A

*Dx = history, clinical signs + lesions
*Confirmatory Dx = PCR detection of CAV DNA

17
Q

What is the prevention + treatment of CAV? (chicken anaemia virus)

A

*No Tx
*Prevention = Live vaccines via injection / drinking water

18
Q

What is Marek’s disease? - characteristics? Cause? Control?

A

*Tumour caused by virus

  • Characterised by nerve swellings and tumours
  • Caused by an oncogenic herpesvirus of the genus Mardivirus
  • Controlled by vaccines given by injection at do
19
Q

How is marek’s disease transmitted?

A

*Excreted from feather follicles
-inhaled by other birds

20
Q

What does neurological MD (marek’s disease) cause?

A

*Infiltrate CNS = ‘floppy broiler syndrome’
*Paralysis of legs, wings + eye lesions
*Sciatic + brachial nerve affected

21
Q

What does visceral MD cause?

A

*Tumours in heart, ovary, testes, muscles + lungs

22
Q

What does cutaneous MD cause?

A

*Tumour of feather follicles

23
Q

What does ocular MD cause?

A

Tumour of uni/bilateral eyes

24
Q

How is MD diagnosed + controlled?

A

Dx = Clinical signs, lesions, histopathology + PCR
*Control = Live vaccines by injection

25
Q

What are the most important poultry respiratory diseases?

A
  • Infectious Bronchitis
  • Avian metapneumovirus infection
  • Infectious laryngotracheitis
  • Mycoplasmosis
  • Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection
  • Aspergillosis
26
Q

What is infectious bronchitis caused by?

A

Type 3 coronavirus

27
Q

What are the signs of infectious bronchitis in layers + broilers?

A

*Broilers
–Respiratory disease
–reduced bodyweight

*Layers
–Respiratory signs
–Egg drop, recovery
after 4-6 weeks
–Poor egg quality
–Poor chick quality?

28
Q

How is infectious bronchitis diagnosed?

A

*Virus identification - isolation in eggs
*Serology - paired samples

29
Q

How is infectious bronchitis controlled?

A

*Live vaccines for broilers
*Live + killed vaccines for breeders
*Biosecurity

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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