Reproductive pathogens - cattle Flashcards
What are the different infections of the repro tract?
- Metritis
- Clinical/ Subclinical Endometritis
- Cervicitis
- Vaginitis
- Pyometra
- Early embryonic deaths/ abortions
What is metritis?
What are the clinical signs?
inflammation of the uterus caused by bacterial infection.
Reddish-brownish foul smelling uterine exudate ± fever ≤ 21 days in milk (DIM.)
What are the pathogens involved in metritis?
- Escherichia coli
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Prevotella spp.
What is the adhesion factor of E.coli that has highest incidence of metritis?
fimH
What is F. necrophorum?
Fusobacterium Necrophorum
* Gram-negative anaerobic
* Opportunistic pathogen
*(lktA), toxic to leukocytes, macrophages, epithelial
cells
What is Trueperella pyogenes?
- Gram-positive
- Opportunistic pathogen
- Adhesion factors (FimA)
- Toxin: pyolysin
What is a virus that causes metritis?
Bovine herpesvirus 4
What is clinical endometritis?
inflammation of the endometrium; usually caused by bacterial
infection. Purulent uterine discharge (≥21 DIM).
What are the pathogens associated with clinical endometritis?
- Escherichia coli?
- Trueperella pyogenes!
- Fusobacterium necrophorum!
– Prevotella spp.
What is subclinical endometritis?
inflammation of the endometrium; usually caused by bacterial infection. Increased PMN (Polymorphonuclear cells/ granulocytes) in
cytology
No clinical signs
What are the causes of cervicitis/ vaginitis?
- Injuries due to dystocia
- Mixed infections (Mycoplasma bovigenitalium,
Ureaplasma spp., Haemophilus somnus) - Trueperella pyogenes
- PVD syndrome (purulent vaginal discharge)
What can cause viral vaginits?
How is it spread?
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
- Bovine herpesvirus I type 2
- Spread through infected bulls
What is campylobacteriosis?
What is it common in?
What are the clinical signs?
- Campylobacter fetus venerealis, Gram
negative rods
*common in beef cattle - Cows reproductive tract/ bulls prepuce
- Chronic endometritis
- Early embryonic death/ abortions
What is a pyometra?
What are the causes/ signs?
- Intrauterine accumulation of pus (usually
large amounts) - Persistent corpus luteum/ no signs of heat
- Mixed bacterial infection (similar to
endometritis)
Why are abortions notifiable?
Could be Brucellosis
What is IBR?
*Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
* Herpes virus
* Latent carriers
What is BVD?
*Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD)
* Pestivirus
Where are the 2 genotypes of BVD found?
Genotype 1 = mild - N. Europe
Genotype 2 = virulent - N. America
What are the 2 biotypes within each BVD genotype?
- Non-cytopathic – rarely causes clinical disease but crosses feto-maternal barrier
- Cytopathic – associated with ‘mucosal disease’ in persistently infected animals
What happens in each trimester with BVD?
1st trimester = Foetal resorption/
abortion
2nd trimester = Immunotolerance (PI
status)
3rd trimester = Seropositive foetus, congenital
lesions. Abortions due to
placentitis
What happens in each trimester with BVD?
1st trimester = Foetal resorption/
abortion
2nd trimester = Immunotolerance (PI
status)
3rd trimester = Seropositive foetus, congenital
lesions. Abortions due to
placentitis
Why can’t you antibody test PI BVD cases?
Antibody negative & antigen positive
Immunosuppresive therefore no antibodies
How long is leptospirosis spread in urine?
months to years
What are the clinical signs of lepto?
- Persistent infection of reproductive tract (bull and cow) can result in infertility and
shedding in discharges - Abortions, stillbirths and weak calves in acute infection
- Retained foetal membranes
- Milk drop (flabby bag) = uncommon
What is the most common salmonella associated with bovine abortion?
S. Dublin
