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Infectious Diseases > Reproductive pathogens - cattle > Flashcards

Reproductive pathogens - cattle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different infections of the repro tract?

A
  • Metritis
  • Clinical/ Subclinical Endometritis
  • Cervicitis
  • Vaginitis
  • Pyometra
  • Early embryonic deaths/ abortions
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2
Q

What is metritis?
What are the clinical signs?

A

inflammation of the uterus caused by bacterial infection.
Reddish-brownish foul smelling uterine exudate ± fever ≤ 21 days in milk (DIM.)

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3
Q

What are the pathogens involved in metritis?

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Trueperella pyogenes
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum
  • Prevotella spp.
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4
Q

What is the adhesion factor of E.coli that has highest incidence of metritis?

A

fimH

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5
Q

What is F. necrophorum?

A

Fusobacterium Necrophorum
* Gram-negative anaerobic
* Opportunistic pathogen
*(lktA), toxic to leukocytes, macrophages, epithelial
cells

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6
Q

What is Trueperella pyogenes?

A
  • Gram-positive
  • Opportunistic pathogen
  • Adhesion factors (FimA)
  • Toxin: pyolysin
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7
Q

What is a virus that causes metritis?

A

Bovine herpesvirus 4

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8
Q

What is clinical endometritis?

A

inflammation of the endometrium; usually caused by bacterial
infection. Purulent uterine discharge (≥21 DIM).

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9
Q

What are the pathogens associated with clinical endometritis?

A
  • Escherichia coli?
  • Trueperella pyogenes!
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum!
    – Prevotella spp.
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10
Q

What is subclinical endometritis?

A

inflammation of the endometrium; usually caused by bacterial infection. Increased PMN (Polymorphonuclear cells/ granulocytes) in
cytology
No clinical signs

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11
Q

What are the causes of cervicitis/ vaginitis?

A
  • Injuries due to dystocia
  • Mixed infections (Mycoplasma bovigenitalium,
    Ureaplasma spp., Haemophilus somnus)
  • Trueperella pyogenes
  • PVD syndrome (purulent vaginal discharge)
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12
Q

What can cause viral vaginits?
How is it spread?

A
  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
  • Bovine herpesvirus I type 2
  • Spread through infected bulls
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13
Q

What is campylobacteriosis?
What is it common in?
What are the clinical signs?

A
  • Campylobacter fetus venerealis, Gram
    negative rods
    *common in beef cattle
  • Cows reproductive tract/ bulls prepuce
  • Chronic endometritis
  • Early embryonic death/ abortions
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14
Q

What is a pyometra?
What are the causes/ signs?

A
  • Intrauterine accumulation of pus (usually
    large amounts)
  • Persistent corpus luteum/ no signs of heat
  • Mixed bacterial infection (similar to
    endometritis)
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15
Q

Why are abortions notifiable?

A

Could be Brucellosis

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16
Q

What is IBR?

A

*Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
* Herpes virus
* Latent carriers

17
Q

What is BVD?

A

*Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD)
* Pestivirus

18
Q

Where are the 2 genotypes of BVD found?

A

Genotype 1 = mild - N. Europe
Genotype 2 = virulent - N. America

19
Q

What are the 2 biotypes within each BVD genotype?

A
  • Non-cytopathic – rarely causes clinical disease but crosses feto-maternal barrier
  • Cytopathic – associated with ‘mucosal disease’ in persistently infected animals
20
Q

What happens in each trimester with BVD?

A

1st trimester = Foetal resorption/
abortion
2nd trimester = Immunotolerance (PI
status)
3rd trimester = Seropositive foetus, congenital
lesions. Abortions due to
placentitis

20
Q

What happens in each trimester with BVD?

A

1st trimester = Foetal resorption/
abortion
2nd trimester = Immunotolerance (PI
status)
3rd trimester = Seropositive foetus, congenital
lesions. Abortions due to
placentitis

21
Q

Why can’t you antibody test PI BVD cases?

A

Antibody negative & antigen positive
Immunosuppresive therefore no antibodies

22
Q

How long is leptospirosis spread in urine?

A

months to years

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of lepto?

A
  • Persistent infection of reproductive tract (bull and cow) can result in infertility and
    shedding in discharges
  • Abortions, stillbirths and weak calves in acute infection
  • Retained foetal membranes
  • Milk drop (flabby bag) = uncommon
24
Q

What is the most common salmonella associated with bovine abortion?

A

S. Dublin

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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