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Infectious Diseases > Poultry respiratory disease > Flashcards

Poultry respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most important respiratory diseases in poultry?

A

*Infectious bronchitis
*Avian metapneumovirus
*Infectious laryngotracheitis
*Mycoplasmosis
*Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection
*Aspergillosis

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2
Q

What is avian metapneumovirus also known as?

A

Turkey rhinotracheitis

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3
Q

What does turkey rhinotracheitis TRT cause?

A

*Respiratory disease = coughing, sneezing, nasal + ocular discharge
-Drop in egg production + poor shell quality

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4
Q

IS avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in chickens worse than TRT in turkeys or not?

A

Milder in chickens, can be asymptomatic

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5
Q

What can aMPV cause?

A

Swollen head syndrome
=oedematous swelling of head, eyelids + incoordination

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6
Q

What bacteria is always isolated from swollen head syndrome?

A

E. coli

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7
Q

How does aMPV affect layers?

A

*Loss of egg production
*Loss of pigment in shells

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8
Q

What can aMPV cause in breeders?

A

Egg Peritonitis - E.coli

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9
Q

How is avian metapneumovirus spread?

A

*Horizontal - bird to bird - mucus, aerosols
*Vertical - no solid evidence

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10
Q

How is aMPV diagnosed?

A

*History
*Examination
*Sampling = blood, swabs + tissues
*Antibody detection - ELISA

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11
Q

What are general control measures of aMPV?

A

*Good biosecurity
*Reduce stocking density
*All in all out systems
*Improve ventilation
*Avoid temperature fluctuations
*Use antimicrobials to prevent secondary infections

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12
Q

How can aMPV be prevented?

A

*Good management
*Nutrition
*Avoid immunosuppression
*Vaccine

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13
Q

How can the vaccines be administered?

A

Live = by spray / drinking water
Killed = by injection

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14
Q

What are mycoplasmas of chickens + turkeys causing respiratory disease under intensive management?

A

*M. gallisepticum
*M. synoviae

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15
Q

What mycoplasma species can cause arthritis?

A

M. synoviae

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16
Q

What species of mycoplasma can cause airsacculitis in turkeys?

A

M. meleagridis

17
Q

What are common clinical signs of mycoplasma infections?

A

*Sinusitis + conjunctivitis
*Nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing
*reduced egg production

18
Q

What are common musculoskeletal signs of mycoplasma infection?

A

*Lameness
*Swollen joints (synovitis)
*Sternal bursitis (Blisters)

19
Q

What are common mycoplasma lesions?

A

*Nasal / sinus exudate
*Air sacculitis
*Keratoconjunctivitis
*Salpingitis
*Synovitis

20
Q

How are avian mycoplasmas diagnosed?

A

*Culture + identification
*PCR detection of species specific DNA
*Serology

21
Q

What does avian mycoplasmas look like on a culture?

A

Typical fried egg colony with one bacterial colony

22
Q

How is mycoplasmas controlled?

A
  • Eradication from primary breeding stock
  • Management
  • Treatment
  • Vaccination
23
Q

What antibiotics can be used to treat mycoplasmas?

A

*Macrolides - tylosin, tilmicosin
*Pleuromutilins - tiamulin
*Aminoglycosides - gentamicin

24
Q

What are typical signs of infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

*Difficulty breathing
*Gasping
*Blood + mucus from throat / lungs when coughing

25
Q

What type of virus is infectious laryngotracheitis? (ILT)

A

Herpesvirus

26
Q

What are the characteristics of ILT

A

*Intranuclear inclusions in trachea + chorioallantoic membrane

27
Q

How is ILT transmitted?

A

*Horizontal spread - droplets from infected birds - slow spread

28
Q

What are the mild signs of ILT?

A

*Conjunctivitis
*Lacrymation
*Nasal discharge

29
Q

What are acute + mild ILT lesions?

A

Acute =Cheesy plugs in trachea, larynx
-bloody exudate
-inflamed bronchi + air sacs
Mild = mild conjunctivitis + excess mucus

30
Q

How is ILT diagnosed?

A

Acute = signs + lesions of severe ILT = sufficient for diagnosis
Mild = lab diagnosis necessary

31
Q

How is ILT controlled?

A

No Tx
*Vaccination - live attenuated

32
Q

What are the problems of ILT vaccines

A

Live vaccines can become latent + cause ILT

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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