[RRT]

Answer 1

Blood over semi-permeable membrance
dialysis fluid opposite direction
diffusion down conc. gradient

Answer 2

disequilibration syndrome

Answer 3

neurological signs/symptoms

as a result of cerebral oedema

Answer 4

due to solute removal

Answer 5

HIGHLY permeable membrance
blood same direction as dialysate
large and small solutes
ultrafiltrate replaced concurrently

Answer 6

hypotension/haemodynamic instability

Answer 7

ultrafiltrate is replaced with the same volume of fluid in real time

Answer 8

takes too long

Answer 9

critically ill patient

less haemodynamic instability

Answer 10

peritoneum as semi permeable membrane

Answer 11

Tenckhoff

Answer 12

adding solutes to the dialysate e.g. glucose

Answer 13

can be carried out at home

Answer 14

exit site infection
PD induced peritonitis
loss of membrane function over time

Answer 15

hypertension
calcium dysregulation
phosphate dysregulation

Answer 16

Uraemia causes granulocyte dysfunction

Answer 17

amyloid accumulation deposition

Answer 18

haemodialysis/PD

Answer 19

increased loss in dialysate

Answer 20

high PTH

Answer 21

ESRF

Answer 22

anaesthetic - physically fit

Answer 23

active infection
cancer (unless cured >5yrs ago)
severe co-morbidity

Answer 24

DCD: donor after cardiac death
DBD: donor after brainstem death
LD: living donor

Question 25

[RRT]: transplant: why is DCD not as preferable as DBD

Answer 25

increased warm iachaemic time

Question 26

[RRT]: transplant: what does warm ischaemic time mean

Answer 26

The time a tissue remains at body temperature after its blood supply has been reduced or cut off but before it is cooled.

Question 27

[RRT]: transplant: what type of graft gives the best outcome

Answer 27

LD

Question 28

[RRT]: transplant: all LDs are independently assessed. this includes psychological? T/F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: induction?

Answer 29

basiliximab

Question 30

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: what drug class is basliliximab

Answer 30

anti-IL-2 receptor

Question 31

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: maintenance?

Answer 31

``` triple therapy: calcineurin-i + anti-metabolite + prednisolone ```

Question 32

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: name 2 calcineurin i

Answer 32

tacrolimus | ciclosporin

Question 33

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: name 2 anti-metabolites

Answer 33

aziathioprine | mycophenolate

Question 34

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: how does a calcineurin inhibitor work

Answer 34

prevents activation of T cells

Question 35

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: aziathioprine MOA

Answer 35

purine analogue

Question 36

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: mycophenolate MOA

Answer 36

inhibits enzyme which produce purines

Question 37

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: DCD are more at risk of delayed graft function: T/F

Answer 37

T

Question 38

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: induction with ... allows steroid free maintenance?

Answer 38

alemtuzumab

Question 39

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: with alemtuzumab what change can be made to maintenance therapy?

Answer 39

no prednisolone

Question 40

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: with alemtuzumab what is the maintenance therapy?

Answer 40

tacrolimus (/ciclosporin) + aziathioprine (/mycophenolate)

Question 41

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: immunosuppression increases risk of malignancy by 5 x: what should women frequently undergo

Answer 41

cervical smears

Question 42

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: which virus is particularly associated with renal immunosuppression

Answer 42

EBV --> post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

Question 43

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is associated with which virus

Answer 43

EBV

Question 44

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: EBV infection due to immunosuppression can progress to

Answer 44

post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

Question 45

[RRT]: transplant: what is the leading cause of death in

Answer 45

cardiovascular - increased BP

Question 46

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: SEs of antimetabolites

Answer 46

agranulocytosis | hepatitis

Question 47

[RRT]: transplant: Tx: SE of ciclosporin

Answer 47

gum hypertrophy | hirsutism

Question 48

[RRT]: transplant: what is NODAT

Answer 48

new onset DM after transplant

Question 49

[RRT]: transplant: 2 categories of graft rejection?

Answer 49

acute | chronic

Question 50

[RRT]: transplant: what is Tx for acute rejection (2)

Answer 50

Methylprednisolone IV high-dose | intensification of immunosupression

Question 51

[RRT]: transplant: humoral graft rejection (antibody) requires what tx response (2)

Answer 51

plasma exchange | donor specific Abs