[renal tubular disease] Flashcards
1
Q
A
renal tubular acidosis
2
Q
A
impaired acid secretion by the kidney
3
Q
A
4
4
Q
A
distal tubule
5
Q
A
proximal tubule
6
Q
A
inability to secrete H+ ions
7
Q
A
reduced HCO3 reabsorption (“bicarbonate leak”)
8
Q
A
increased HCO3 conc
osmotic effect
increased flow
increased K+ secretion
9
Q
A
IV sodium bicarbonate load
High fractional excretion
10
Q
A
15
11
Q
A
sodium bicarbonate >10 mmol/kg/day
12
Q
A
fanconi syndrome
13
Q
A
they buffer the acid in bone causing osteomalacia
14
Q
A
Type 1
15
Q
A
buffering of H+ ions with calcium
16
Q
A
1
17
Q
A
renal calculi
18
Q
A
urine pH >5.5
19
Q
A
sodium bicarbonate
citrate
20
Q
A
renal calcium stones
21
Q
A
RTA 1 + 2 combination
22
Q
A
hypereninaemic hypoaldosteronism
23
Q
A
H+
K+
24
Q
A
K+ sparing diuretics
25
[RTA]: which endocrinological disease can cause type 4 RTA
addisons
26
[RTA]: what is the Tx for type 4 RTA (2)
REMOVE CAUSE
fludrocortisone
+
furosemide
27
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: what is lost in the urine (4)
amino acids
glucose
Phosphate (PO4)
bicarbonate (HCO3)m
28
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: which part of the kidney dysfunctions
proximal tubule
29
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: what signs may the patient present with (3)
dehydration
osteomalacia
metabolic acidosis
30
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: what is the most important cause
cystinosis
31
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: Tx approach is to ...
remove cause replace losses
32
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: what is the pathophysiology in cystinosis
cystine accumulation in lysosomes
| cystine deposits
33
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: cystinosis may cause what signs (4)
fanconis
visual impairment
myopathy
hypothyroid
34
[RTA]: fanconi syndrome: Tx for cystinosis
oral cysteamine
35
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: what are the two hypokalaemia tubulopathies
Bartter syndrome
| Gitelman syndrome
36
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: both hypokalaemic tubulopathies cause low K+ and metabolic acidosis. What is the key difference
Bartters causes hypocalaemia
| Gitelmans causes Hypocalcaemia
37
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: which one causes muscle cramps and low BP
Gitelmans
38
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: which one presents in childhood
Bartters
39
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: Loop diuretics have the same result as ... syndrome
Bartters
40
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: Thiazide diuretics have the impact as ... syndrome
Gitelmans
41
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: which one causes hypomagnesaeia
Gitelmans
42
[RTA]: is the anion gap normal
yes
43
[RTA]: reccurent UTIs in type 1 are due to
nephrocalcinosis leading to stones
44
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: Tx of Bartters? (2)
Indomethacin
| replace K+
45
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: how does indomethacin work
prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor
46
[hypokalaemicTubulopathies]: Tx for Gitelmans (not drug) (2)
replace Mg and K+
