[diureticsMOA] Flashcards
furosemide
Bumetanide
block Na+/K+/2Cl-
thick ascending
increase solute load intraluminally
reduction in h2o absorption
Na+ K+ (hypokal) cl- H+ (met. alk) Ca2+
Hypokalaemia
met. alkalosis
hypovolaemia
ototoxicity
oedema of stria vacularis
x40
yes
inhibit Na+/Cl-
distal convoluted tubule
lowered
i.e. increase calcium reabsorption
Na+
Cl-
^^^K+ (profound)
Mg2+
uric acid
calcium
12 hours duration
YES - reduced urinary calcium (not related to serum level)
gout
decreased urate acid exrcetion
Hypokalaemia Hyponatraemia Hypomagnesaemia met alkalosis urate increased hyperglycaemia
SE is hyperglycaemia
spironolactone
eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
spironolactone
eplerenone
amiloride
triamterene
Block Na+ in collecting duct
inhibit aldosterone
aldosterone retains Na+
Na+
K+
H+
days
ameliorates K+ loss due to loop/thiazides
K+
ameliorates K+ loss due to loop/thiazides
metabolic acidosis (H+ retention) hyperkalaemia
it inhibits androgen production
GI upset
Gynecomastia
Mannitol
freely filtered at glomerulus
poorly reabsorbed in tubule
holds water by osmotic effect
raised ICP
Brain volume reduction
intra-ocular pressure reduction
rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis
pulmonary oedema
transient expansion of extracellular due to extraction from intracellular –> pulmonary oedema
Acetazolamide
increase excretion of HCO3 and therefore Na+, K+, h2o
alkaline urine
metabolic acidosis
Glaucoma
not diuretic
reduce formation of aqueous humour
acidosis = increased respiration = improve acclimatization = reduced risk of acute mountain sickness
Bicarbonate reabsorption in dependent on carbonic anhydrase inhibitors