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M2: Biochemistry > RPh, April 2024 > Flashcards

RPh, April 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

3 classses of membrane proteins

A
  1. Pumps
  2. Carriers
  3. Channels
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2
Q

What class of membrane protein is stated below:

▪️ACTIVE Transport
▪️Uses energy (ATP hydrolysis)
▪️Drive UPHILL
▪️Ex: Na+-K+ATPase Pump

A

Pumps

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3
Q

What class of membrane protein is stated below:

▪️PASSIVE Transport
▪️Provide a membrane pore to which ions can flow very rapidly in a DONWHILL direction

A

Channels

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4
Q

What class of membrane protein is stated below:

▪️Both ACTIVE & PASSIVE Transport
▪️Active: Active Transport
▪️Passive Facilitated Diffusion
▪️Saturable

A

Carriers

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5
Q

In Cholesterol

▪️At HIGH temperature, fluidity (?)

A

HIGH temp. Fluidity DECREASES

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6
Q

In Cholesterol

▪️At LOW temp, fluidity (?)

A

LOW temp. Fluidity INCREASES

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7
Q

Cell Membrane should maintain at temperature

A

37°C

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8
Q

Under Temperature

HIGH temp: CM is

A

HIGH temp: CM is FLUID

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9
Q

Under Temperature

LOW temp: CM is

A

LOW temp: CM is rigid

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10
Q

LOW Temp. =
(LFR)

A

F -> R

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11
Q

HIGH Temp. =
(HRF)

A

R -> F

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12
Q

Fatty Acid exist as
▪️ordered, rigid state - (?)

A

ordered, rigid state - SATURATED

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13
Q

Fatty Acid exist as
▪️disordered, fluid state - (?)

A

disordered, fluid state - UNSATURATED

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14
Q

what are the disaccharide units

A
  1. Amino Sugar
  2. Uronic acid derivative
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15
Q

What are the 2 Amino sugar

A
  1. GlcNAc
  2. GalNAc
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16
Q

What are the 3 Uronic acid derivative

A
  1. Glucuronic Acid
  2. Galacturonic Acid
  3. IIduronic Acid
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17
Q

Most ABUNDANT GAG

A

Chondroitin Sulfate

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18
Q

Most HETEROGENOUS GAG

A

Keratan Sulfate

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19
Q
  • Heavily sulfated
  • Intracellular component
  • A fraction of Heparan Sulfate
  • Prepared from intestinal mucosa
A

Heparin Sulfate

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20
Q

NON-SULFATED GAG

A

Hyaluronic Acid

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21
Q

Glycogen metabolism Hormones (3)

A

1 Glucagon
2. Insulin
3. Epinephrine

22
Q

What are the products of Pentose Phosphate Pathway? (2)

A
  1. Pentoses (Ribose)
  2. NADPH (Nicotinamide
    Adenine Dinucleotide PHOSPHATE)
23
Q
  • Converted to Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, also Melanin (Catecholamines)
  • Phenol ring
A

Tyrosine

24
Q
  • Converted to Seratonin, Melatonin, B3 Niacin
  • Indole ring
A

Tryptophan

25
Q
  • Converted to Heme (enzyme: ALA synthase)
A

Glycine

26
Q
  • Converted to GABA (enzyme: Glutamate Decarboxylase)
A

Glutamic Acid

27
Q

TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS
- peptide
- purple or violet color

A

Biuret

28
Q

TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS
- Amino - purle/violet
- No Amino (Proline) - Yellow

A

Ninhydrin Test

29
Q

TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS
- aromatic (W, F, Y)
- Yellow to Orange

A

Xanthoproteic Test

30
Q

TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS
- Tyrosine (Phenolic group)
- Red color

Mnemonic: Millon-Tyrone (May Millon si Tyrone)

A

Millon’s Test

31
Q
  • Test for Arginine (R)
  • Guanidine Group
  • Red color

Sakuragi lagi nakikipag Argue

A

Sakaguchi Test

32
Q
  • Test for Tryptophan (W)
  • the Indole group
  • Purple color

Pag ikaw ay nag HOP ikaw ay ma tiTryp
‘‘Hop-Tryp’’

A

Hopkins-Cole Test

33
Q
  • Test for Cysteine (C)
  • containing thiol group
  • Red color
A

Sodium Nitroprusside Test

34
Q
  • Test for Histidine (H) & Tyrosine (Y)
  • Red color
A

Pauly diazo Test

35
Q

TEMPLATE for TRANSCRIBING the complementary DNA message

A

mRNA (messenger)

36
Q
  • CARRY an amino acid to the ribosomes
  • Folded structure - clover shape
A

tRNA (transfer)

37
Q

Component of RIBOSOMES

A

rRNA (ribosomal)

38
Q

Initial Stage in Central Dogma

A

Transcription

39
Q

Final Stage in Central Dogma

A

Translation

40
Q

OPENS/UNWINDS the DNA strand ‘‘unzipping’’

A

1st Step: Helicase

41
Q

ANNEALS a primer

A

Primase

42
Q

ELONGATES the DNA by adding complementary bases to the strand

A

DNA Polymerase

43
Q

JOINS discontinuous strands

A

DNA Ligase

44
Q

Untangles ‘‘supercoils’’ the DNA

A

Topoisomerase

45
Q

a CONTINUOUS , single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 3’– 5’ direction (Directionality 5’-3’)

A

Leading strand

46
Q

a DISCONTINUOUS, single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5’- 3’ direction (Directionality 3’-5’)

A

Lagging Strand

47
Q

SHORT SEQUENCES of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to CREATE the LAGGING STRAND

A

Okazaki Fragments

48
Q

the end of a chromosome made of REPETITIVE sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from damage

A

Telomeres

49
Q

Deficiency of HGPRT - Hypoxanthine Guanosine Phosphoribosyl Transferase

A

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

50
Q

absence of adenosine deaminase

A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

51
Q

deficiency in FOLATE derivatives

A

Neural Tube Defects

52
Q

carrier molecule that transports fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

L– Carnitine

M2: Biochemistry (22 decks)

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