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M2: Biochemistry > RPh, April 2024 > Flashcards

RPh, April 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

3 classses of membrane proteins

A
  1. Pumps
  2. Carriers
  3. Channels
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2
Q

What class of membrane protein is stated below:

▪️ACTIVE Transport
▪️Uses energy (ATP hydrolysis)
▪️Drive UPHILL
▪️Ex: Na+-K+ATPase Pump

A

Pumps

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3
Q

What class of membrane protein is stated below:

▪️PASSIVE Transport
▪️Provide a membrane pore to which ions can flow very rapidly in a DONWHILL direction

A

Channels

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4
Q

What class of membrane protein is stated below:

▪️Both ACTIVE & PASSIVE Transport
▪️Active: Active Transport
▪️Passive Facilitated Diffusion
▪️Saturable

A

Carriers

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5
Q

In Cholesterol

▪️At HIGH temperature, fluidity (?)

A

HIGH temp. Fluidity DECREASES

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6
Q

In Cholesterol

▪️At LOW temp, fluidity (?)

A

LOW temp. Fluidity INCREASES

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7
Q

Cell Membrane should maintain at temperature

A

37°C

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8
Q

Under Temperature

HIGH temp: CM is

A

HIGH temp: CM is FLUID

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9
Q

Under Temperature

LOW temp: CM is

A

LOW temp: CM is rigid

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10
Q

LOW Temp. =
(LFR)

A

F -> R

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11
Q

HIGH Temp. =
(HRF)

A

R -> F

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12
Q

Fatty Acid exist as
▪️ordered, rigid state - (?)

A

ordered, rigid state - SATURATED

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13
Q

Fatty Acid exist as
▪️disordered, fluid state - (?)

A

disordered, fluid state - UNSATURATED

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14
Q

what are the disaccharide units

A
  1. Amino Sugar
  2. Uronic acid derivative
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15
Q

What are the 2 Amino sugar

A
  1. GlcNAc
  2. GalNAc
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16
Q

What are the 3 Uronic acid derivative

A
  1. Glucuronic Acid
  2. Galacturonic Acid
  3. IIduronic Acid
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17
Q

Most ABUNDANT GAG

A

Chondroitin Sulfate

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18
Q

Most HETEROGENOUS GAG

A

Keratan Sulfate

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19
Q
  • Heavily sulfated
  • Intracellular component
  • A fraction of Heparan Sulfate
  • Prepared from intestinal mucosa
A

Heparin Sulfate

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20
Q

NON-SULFATED GAG

A

Hyaluronic Acid

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21
Q

Glycogen metabolism Hormones (3)

A

1 Glucagon
2. Insulin
3. Epinephrine

22
Q

What are the products of Pentose Phosphate Pathway? (2)

A
  1. Pentoses (Ribose)
  2. NADPH (Nicotinamide
    Adenine Dinucleotide PHOSPHATE)
23
Q
  • Converted to Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, also Melanin (Catecholamines)
  • Phenol ring
24
Q
  • Converted to Seratonin, Melatonin, B3 Niacin
  • Indole ring
A

Tryptophan

25
- Converted to Heme (enzyme: ALA synthase)
Glycine
26
- Converted to GABA (enzyme: Glutamate Decarboxylase)
Glutamic Acid
27
TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS - peptide - purple or violet color
Biuret
28
TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS - Amino - purle/violet - No Amino (Proline) - Yellow
Ninhydrin Test
29
TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS - aromatic (W, F, Y) - Yellow to Orange
Xanthoproteic Test
30
TEST FOR AMINO ACIDS - Tyrosine (Phenolic group) - Red color Mnemonic: Millon-Tyrone (May Millon si Tyrone)
Millon's Test
31
- Test for Arginine (R) - Guanidine Group - Red color Sakuragi lagi nakikipag Argue
Sakaguchi Test
32
- Test for Tryptophan (W) - the Indole group - Purple color Pag ikaw ay nag HOP ikaw ay ma tiTryp ''Hop-Tryp''
Hopkins-Cole Test
33
- Test for Cysteine (C) - containing thiol group - Red color
Sodium Nitroprusside Test
34
- Test for Histidine (H) & Tyrosine (Y) - Red color
Pauly diazo Test
35
TEMPLATE for TRANSCRIBING the complementary DNA message
mRNA (messenger)
36
- CARRY an amino acid to the ribosomes - Folded structure - clover shape
tRNA (transfer)
37
Component of RIBOSOMES
rRNA (ribosomal)
38
Initial Stage in Central Dogma
Transcription
39
Final Stage in Central Dogma
Translation
40
OPENS/UNWINDS the DNA strand ''unzipping''
1st Step: Helicase
41
ANNEALS a primer
Primase
42
ELONGATES the DNA by adding complementary bases to the strand
DNA Polymerase
43
JOINS discontinuous strands
DNA Ligase
44
Untangles ''supercoils'' the DNA
Topoisomerase
45
a CONTINUOUS , single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 3'– 5' direction (Directionality 5'-3')
Leading strand
46
a DISCONTINUOUS, single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5'- 3' direction (Directionality 3'-5')
Lagging Strand
47
SHORT SEQUENCES of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to CREATE the LAGGING STRAND
Okazaki Fragments
48
the end of a chromosome made of REPETITIVE sequences of non-coding DNA that protect the chromosome from damage
Telomeres
49
Deficiency of HGPRT - Hypoxanthine Guanosine Phosphoribosyl Transferase
Lesch Nyhan Syndrome
50
absence of adenosine deaminase
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
51
deficiency in FOLATE derivatives
Neural Tube Defects
52
carrier molecule that transports fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane
L-- Carnitine

M2: Biochemistry (22 decks)

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