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M2: Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

▪️Class of a heterogeneous group of compounds, which are more related by their physical than by their chemical properties
▪️NOT a biopolymer
▪️Lipid = FA + Alcohol (Glycerol - LMW alcohol)

A

Lipids

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2
Q

▪️Insoluble in water
▪️Soluble in organic solvents

A

Lipids

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3
Q

CHEMICAL RXNS

Addition of water (breakdown); triglycerides yield glycerol and fatty acids

A

Hydrolysis

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4
Q

CHEMICAL RXNS

Gritty to touch the oil

A

Rancidity (Oxidation)

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5
Q

CHEMICAL RXNS

Continuous sitting of oil; Presence of glycerol and formation of Propenal

A

Acrolein (Heating)

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6
Q

Formation of Soap

A

Saponification

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7
Q

FA + Alkali =

A

Soap

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8
Q

FA + NaOH / Ca(OH)2 =

A

HARD Soap

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9
Q

FA + KOH =

A

SOFT Soap

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10
Q

▪️Contains only single bond (saturated bond/sigma)
▪️More stable

A

Saturated FA

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11
Q

▪️Contains double bond (unsaturated bond/pi)
▪️Generally unstable
▪️Have lower melting points

A

Unsaturated FA

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12
Q

UNSATURATED FA

Mnemonics: POLLA

A

Palmitoleic Acid (16:1)
Oleic Acid (18:1)
Linoleic Acid (18:2)
Linolenic Acid (18:3)
Arachidonic Acid (20:4)

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13
Q

SATURATED FA

CaLa My Pa StAr - common

A

Capric Acid (10:0)
Lauric Acid (12:0)
Myristic Acid (14:0)
Palmitic Acid (16:0)
Stearic Acid (18:0)
Arachidic Acid (20:0)

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14
Q

▪️Essential FA
▪️Precursor of Arachidonic Acid

A
  1. Linoleic - Omega 6
  2. Linolenic - Omega 3
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15
Q

Most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in animal lipids

A

Palmitoleic, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic

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16
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

▪️Esters of FA and alcohol
▪️Undergoes hydrolysis to yield FA & alcohol
▪️Fats, Oils, and Waxes

A

Simple Lipids

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17
Q

▪️Long chain FA + Glycerol
▪️From Plants/Vegetables
▪️Unsaturated FA
▪️LIQUID at room temp.

A

Fixed Oils

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18
Q

▪️Long chain FA + Glycerol
▪️From Animals
▪️Saturated FA
▪️SOLID at room temp.

A

Fats

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19
Q

▪️Long chain FA + HMW or long chain alcohol (Cetyl/Steatyl alcohol)
▪️From animals & plants
▪️Solid at room temp.

20
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

▪️Yields FA, alcohol and other compounds
▪️Ex. Phospholipids and glycolipids

A

Complex lipids

21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

▪️Formed by metabolic transformation of FA

A

Derived lipids

22
Q

FA + PO4 + Alcohol

A

Phospholipids

23
Q

FA + Glycerol + PO4 + N compound

A

Phosphoglycerides

24
Q

Present in the lungs (surfactant); to facilitate normal breathing

A

Dipalmitoyl Lecithin

25
Absence of Dipalmitoyl Lecithin in premature infants may cause
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
26
Important in blood clotting
Cephalin (Phosphotidylethanolamine)
27
FA + Alcohol + Sphingosine + PO4
Phosphosphingosides/Sphingolipids
28
▪️Present in the brain & nerve tissue ▪️Phosphocholine / Phosphoethanolamine
Sphingomyelin
29
With CHO, often galactose
Sphingoglycolipid
30
The simplest sphingoglycolipid with Gal or Glu
Cerebrosides
31
Disaccharide + Oligosaccharide
Globosides
32
▪️BAD cholesterol ▪️Contains more triglycerides
VLDL
33
▪️BAD cholesterol ▪️Contains more cholesterol; carries cholesterol directly to the arteries (atherosclerosis)
LDL
34
▪️GOOD cholesterol ▪️Carries cholesterol to the liver, where it can be removed from the bloodstream before it builds up in the arteries
HDL
35
De Novo Synthesis (happens at night)
Cholesterol
36
Androgen
Male
37
Estrogen
Female
38
Progesterone
For Fertility
39
Most toxic Vitamin
Vit. D
40
▪️Fat-soluble vitamin ▪️Responsible for Ca absorption ▪️DEFICIENCY: Rickettsia (children), Osteomalacia (adults)
Vit. D
41
Toxic for pregnant women (teratogenic)
Vit. A
42
▪️Zona fassiculata ▪️Cortisone (natural anti-inflammatory hormone) -> Cortisol (stress hormone)
Corticosteroids
43
▪️Zona glomerulosa ▪️Aldosterone
Mineralocorticoids
44
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL ▪️LOW cortisol ▪️Manifestation: Hypoglycemia, Hypotension, Thin
Addison's
45
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL ▪️HIGH cortisol ▪️Manifestation: Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Fat, Moon Face
Cushing's
46
Fat Soluble Vit.
Vit. A, D, E, K
47
CPPP
CycloPentanoPerhydroPhenanthrene

M2: Biochemistry (22 decks)

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