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M2: Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

▪️Class of a heterogeneous group of compounds, which are more related by their physical than by their chemical properties
▪️NOT a biopolymer
▪️Lipid = FA + Alcohol (Glycerol - LMW alcohol)

A

Lipids

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2
Q

▪️Insoluble in water
▪️Soluble in organic solvents

A

Lipids

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3
Q

CHEMICAL RXNS

Addition of water (breakdown); triglycerides yield glycerol and fatty acids

A

Hydrolysis

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4
Q

CHEMICAL RXNS

Gritty to touch the oil

A

Rancidity (Oxidation)

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5
Q

CHEMICAL RXNS

Continuous sitting of oil; Presence of glycerol and formation of Propenal

A

Acrolein (Heating)

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6
Q

Formation of Soap

A

Saponification

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7
Q

FA + Alkali =

A

Soap

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8
Q

FA + NaOH / Ca(OH)2 =

A

HARD Soap

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9
Q

FA + KOH =

A

SOFT Soap

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10
Q

▪️Contains only single bond (saturated bond/sigma)
▪️More stable

A

Saturated FA

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11
Q

▪️Contains double bond (unsaturated bond/pi)
▪️Generally unstable
▪️Have lower melting points

A

Unsaturated FA

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12
Q

UNSATURATED FA

Mnemonics: POLLA

A

Palmitoleic Acid (16:1)
Oleic Acid (18:1)
Linoleic Acid (18:2)
Linolenic Acid (18:3)
Arachidonic Acid (20:4)

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13
Q

SATURATED FA

CaLa My Pa StAr - common

A

Capric Acid (10:0)
Lauric Acid (12:0)
Myristic Acid (14:0)
Palmitic Acid (16:0)
Stearic Acid (18:0)
Arachidic Acid (20:0)

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14
Q

▪️Essential FA
▪️Precursor of Arachidonic Acid

A
  1. Linoleic - Omega 6
  2. Linolenic - Omega 3
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15
Q

Most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in animal lipids

A

Palmitoleic, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic

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16
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

▪️Esters of FA and alcohol
▪️Undergoes hydrolysis to yield FA & alcohol
▪️Fats, Oils, and Waxes

A

Simple Lipids

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17
Q

▪️Long chain FA + Glycerol
▪️From Plants/Vegetables
▪️Unsaturated FA
▪️LIQUID at room temp.

A

Fixed Oils

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18
Q

▪️Long chain FA + Glycerol
▪️From Animals
▪️Saturated FA
▪️SOLID at room temp.

A

Fats

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19
Q

▪️Long chain FA + HMW or long chain alcohol (Cetyl/Steatyl alcohol)
▪️From animals & plants
▪️Solid at room temp.

A

Waxes

20
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

▪️Yields FA, alcohol and other compounds
▪️Ex. Phospholipids and glycolipids

A

Complex lipids

21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

▪️Formed by metabolic transformation of FA

A

Derived lipids

22
Q

FA + PO4 + Alcohol

A

Phospholipids

23
Q

FA + Glycerol + PO4 + N compound

A

Phosphoglycerides

24
Q

Present in the lungs (surfactant); to facilitate normal breathing

A

Dipalmitoyl Lecithin

25
Q

Absence of Dipalmitoyl Lecithin in premature infants may cause

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

26
Q

Important in blood clotting

A

Cephalin (Phosphotidylethanolamine)

27
Q

FA + Alcohol + Sphingosine + PO4

A

Phosphosphingosides/Sphingolipids

28
Q

▪️Present in the brain & nerve tissue
▪️Phosphocholine / Phosphoethanolamine

A

Sphingomyelin

29
Q

With CHO, often galactose

A

Sphingoglycolipid

30
Q

The simplest sphingoglycolipid with Gal or Glu

A

Cerebrosides

31
Q

Disaccharide + Oligosaccharide

A

Globosides

32
Q

▪️BAD cholesterol
▪️Contains more triglycerides

A

VLDL

33
Q

▪️BAD cholesterol
▪️Contains more cholesterol; carries cholesterol directly to the arteries (atherosclerosis)

A

LDL

34
Q

▪️GOOD cholesterol
▪️Carries cholesterol to the liver, where it can be removed from the bloodstream before it builds up in the arteries

A

HDL

35
Q

De Novo Synthesis (happens at night)

A

Cholesterol

36
Q

Androgen

A

Male

37
Q

Estrogen

A

Female

38
Q

Progesterone

A

For Fertility

39
Q

Most toxic Vitamin

A

Vit. D

40
Q

▪️Fat-soluble vitamin
▪️Responsible for Ca absorption
▪️DEFICIENCY: Rickettsia (children), Osteomalacia (adults)

A

Vit. D

41
Q

Toxic for pregnant women (teratogenic)

A

Vit. A

42
Q

▪️Zona fassiculata
▪️Cortisone (natural anti-inflammatory hormone) -> Cortisol (stress hormone)

A

Corticosteroids

43
Q

▪️Zona glomerulosa
▪️Aldosterone

A

Mineralocorticoids

44
Q

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL

▪️LOW cortisol
▪️Manifestation: Hypoglycemia, Hypotension, Thin

A

Addison’s

45
Q

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL

▪️HIGH cortisol
▪️Manifestation: Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Fat, Moon Face

A

Cushing’s

46
Q

Fat Soluble Vit.

A

Vit. A, D, E, K

47
Q

CPPP

A

CycloPentanoPerhydroPhenanthrene

M2: Biochemistry (22 decks)

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