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Semester 6 > Routine neonatal care > Flashcards

Routine neonatal care Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered the normal weight of an infant

A

2500-4000g

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2
Q

What is the normal apgar for an infant

A

Above 7 at 1 minh

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3
Q

When should the umbilical cord be clamped

A

After about 2 mins to allow for the placental blood to enter the fetus

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4
Q

What does clamping after the 2 min help with

A

It gives the fetus some extra blood and in doing so prevents anemia and iron deficiency within the first year

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5
Q

When should the baby be given to the mother

A

As soon as possible to enhance bonding

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6
Q

Why is it important to give the baby a Vit K injection IM

A

This helps to prevent haemolytic disease in the infant

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7
Q

What should be done for the infants eyes

A

Antibiotic ointment should be placed in the eyes to prevent conjunctivitis

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8
Q

What is mean by in room care of the infant

A

This means that the infant is kept with the mother in the same room

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9
Q

What are the 6 main benifits to rooming in

A
  1. It strengthens bonding
  2. Avoids schedualed feeding and allows the infant to feed when needed
    3.Promotes kangaroo care
  3. Decreases the risk of infection
  4. Decreases the number of staff needed
  5. Increases the mothers confidence
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10
Q

What are the only 3 reasons why a baby should be washed

A
  1. Melconium staining
  2. Maternal blood
  3. Maternal faecal matter
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11
Q

How many nappies should a baby have per day

A

A baby should wet roughly 6 nappies per day

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12
Q

How long should the umbilical cord take to fall off

A

1-2 weeks

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13
Q

When should a baby’s weight rebound and how much do they normally lose

A

By day 7 they should rebound. They lose roughly 10% of their body mass

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14
Q

What are the 2 main vaccinations that infants should get and when should they get them

A
  1. Polio
  2. BCG
    They should get them around day 5
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15
Q

What causes vaginal discharge in female infants

A

The maternal estrogen

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16
Q

What causes enlarged breasts in both male and female infants

A

Maternal estrogen

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17
Q

Should the foreskin be pulled back and cleaned

A

No

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18
Q

What are the teeth called that infants are born with

A

Natal teeth

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19
Q

Is a coccygeal dimple normal

A

Yes

20
Q

What should be done if an infant is born with a wide fontanelle

A

If the head circumference is in the 90th percentile then refer the infant to a level 2 or 3 hospitals as there is a risk of hydrocephalus

21
Q

What are the 5 components of the fetal neurological exam

A
  1. Head circumference
  2. Red reflex
  3. Posture
  4. Tone
  5. Primitive reflexes
22
Q

What does the red reflex test for

A

Retinoblastoma and Cateracts

23
Q

What is the rooting reflex

A

If the mouth or cheeks are stimulated then the baby will suckle

24
Q

What is the suckling reflex

A

If an object is placed in the babies mouth then it will start suckling

25
Q

What is the moro reflex

A

A sudden loss of support or loud sound will cause the baby to splay the arms and tilt the head back

26
Q

What is the grasp reflex

A

If something is placed in the babies hand it will grasp it

27
Q

What is the atonic neck reflex

A

When the head is turned to the side the baby will extend the arm on the same side and flex the arm on the other side

28
Q

What is the Galant Reflex

A

It the baby is stroked on one side when it is on its back it will cause the infant to bend its trunk to the side that it was stroked

29
Q

What is the boggy swelling of a fetus skull called and what does it indicate

A

Caput succundum, it has no pathological significance

30
Q

What is a cephalohematoma and how does it differ from a sub-aponeurotic bleed

A

A cephalohaematoma is a bleed that occurs between the periosteum and the parietal bone of the skull but never crosses the suture lines of the bone

31
Q

What is the treatment needed for a cephalohematoma

A

No treatment is needed however the patient may develop jaundice upon reabsorption of the blood, it should not be drained as it can increase the chances of infection

32
Q

What is a subaponeurotic haematoma

A

This is a bleed under the aponeurotic membrane that connects the frontalis and the occipital muscles

33
Q

What are the complications from a sub-aponeurotic hematoma

A

As the aponeurosis is large it can accumulate a lot of blood thus the infant can present with shock and pallor

34
Q

What are the possible treatments for a subaponeurotic hematoma

A

1mg Vit K and a blood transfusion to prevent shock

35
Q

What is the most common cause of facial palsy and what is the prognosis

A

The pressure of the forceps blades during delivery, the recovery should be spontaneous

36
Q

What is the cause of brachial nerve palsy in an infant

A

Excessive traction on the head and neck

37
Q

What are the 2 possible causes of low numbers of platelets in infants

A
  1. Decreased production: This occurs in infections like sepsis and syphilis
  2. Decreased numbers: Congenital disorders and in immune thrombocytopenia
38
Q

What are the 4 possible causes of excessive bleeding in infants

A
  1. Damage to vessels
  2. Decreased no. of platelets
  3. Abnormal platelet function
  4. Low clotting factors
39
Q

What causes the infant platelets to not function well

A

If the mother takes high amounts of asprin

40
Q

What causes low amounts of clotting factors 5

A
  1. Haemoragic disease
  2. Inherited haemophilias
  3. Preterm infants
  4. Consumptive DIC
  5. Maternal warfarin treatment
41
Q

Briefly describe what hemorrhagic disease is

A

This is where is where the infant has low levels of Vit K and so can not form all of the clotting factors that are required

42
Q

What is the clinical presentation and the treatment for a patient with hemorrhagic disease

A

Clincal presentation: Vomiting blood and melena stools
Treatment: 1mg of Vit K and blood transfusion

43
Q

What are the 2 possible causes of an infant vomiting blood or having melena stools

A
  1. Maternal blood: This is either ingested in the birth process or is bleeding from the nipple
  2. Hemorrhagic disease
44
Q

What is the test to check if the blood is from the infant or from the mother

A

APT test
5 mls of the sample is added to 1ml of 1%NaOH if the solution stays pink then it is fetal

45
Q

Which clotting factor is most commonly affected by inherited hemophilia

A

8

46
Q

What are the 2 tests that are used to check for developmental hip dysplasia and how are they done

A
  1. Barlow test: Here you flex and adduct the thighs bringing them closer to the midline and then apply slight downward pressure. If the hip dislocates then it is positive
  2. Orotolani test: Abduct the legs [O: Outwards] this will then relocate the hips

Semester 6 (23 decks)

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