PMTCT Flashcards

1
Q

How is HIV spread to infants

A

Vertical:
1. Transplacentally
2. During the birthing possess
3. Through the breast milk

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2
Q

How should HIV be tested for in infants

A

PCR: This is because the maternal antibodies are able to cross the placenta thus making the infant test positive on an ELISA or rapid test

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3
Q

When do infants that are infected in pregnancy present

A

In the first 3 months and rapidly progress to AIDS

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4
Q

When do infants that are infected during labor present

A

Between 6 months and 5 years §

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5
Q

What is the prophylactic drug that HIV-positive mothers should give their infants

A

Nevirapine

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6
Q

What are the 5 steps that need to be taken once an infant tests positive for HIV

A
  1. Start ARV
  2. Give prophylactic cotrimoxazole
  3. Give Vit A
  4. Immunise the infant
  5. Record in the RTH booklet
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7
Q

Why is the cotrimoxazole prophylaxis given to these infants

A

This is to prevent pneumocystis infection and is given until the age of 1

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8
Q

Why is Vit A given

A

Vit A deficiency predisposes the infant to opportunistic infection

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