PMTCT Flashcards
How is HIV spread to infants
Vertical:
1. Transplacentally
2. During the birthing possess
3. Through the breast milk
How should HIV be tested for in infants
PCR: This is because the maternal antibodies are able to cross the placenta thus making the infant test positive on an ELISA or rapid test
When do infants that are infected in pregnancy present
In the first 3 months and rapidly progress to AIDS
When do infants that are infected during labor present
Between 6 months and 5 years §
What is the prophylactic drug that HIV-positive mothers should give their infants
Nevirapine
What are the 5 steps that need to be taken once an infant tests positive for HIV
- Start ARV
- Give prophylactic cotrimoxazole
- Give Vit A
- Immunise the infant
- Record in the RTH booklet
Why is the cotrimoxazole prophylaxis given to these infants
This is to prevent pneumocystis infection and is given until the age of 1
Why is Vit A given
Vit A deficiency predisposes the infant to opportunistic infection