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Semester 6 > Mental health > Flashcards

Mental health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ideal way to sit with a patient

A

At a right angle to one another

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2
Q

Are white coats needed in psych

A

No they should not be worn because they can make the patient feel intimidated

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3
Q

How should you end an interview

A

Always end by asking the patient if they have any questions

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4
Q

Can patients access notes and information about themselves

A

Yes they can

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5
Q

What are the neurodevelopmental disorders

A

These are the psychiatric conditions that are diagnosed in childhood e.g. Intellectual disabilities, autism

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6
Q

What are the Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A

This encompeses diseases like schizophrenia, delusional disorders and schizoaffective disorders

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7
Q

What are the bipolar and related disorders

A

These are the disorders that are related to dysregulations in the regulation of mood e.g. Bipolar mood disorders and cyclothymia

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8
Q

What are the depressive disorders

A

These are the disorders that have depressive symptoms like major depressive disorder and dysthymia

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9
Q

What are the anxiety disorders 4

A

These are the diseases where anxiety is experienced as the major disorder e.g. Panic disorders, phobias, social phobias and general anxiety disorders

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10
Q

What are the OCD conditions

A

There are diseases that involve some sort of compulsion e.g. OCD, body dysmorphic disease and Trichotillomania [Pulling out of hair]

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11
Q

What are the trauma and stressor related conditions

A

These are the disorders that are related to a significant previos stressor e.g. PTSD, Acute stress disorder and Adjustment disorder

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12
Q

What are the dissociative conditions

A

These are the conditions that are experienced as a result of a disconnect between thoughts and memories seen in conditions like Dissociative identity disorders and dissociative amnesia

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13
Q

What are somatic symptom disorders

A

This is where there is excessive thought that is given to physical symptoms e.g. illness anxiety disorder[hypochondriac], factitious disorder

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14
Q

What are the feeding and eating disorders

A

This is a group of condions like selective eating disorders, bulimia and anorexia

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15
Q

What are the elimination disorders

A

There are disorders that involve a person urinating or defecating in unusual or inappropriate places e.g. bed wetting

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16
Q

What are the sleep wake disorders

A

Narcolesy, breathing related sleep disorders and Hypersomnolence [Exessive daytime sleeping]

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17
Q

What are the sexual dysfunction disorders

A

These are conditions that affect desire[wanting to have sex] and arousal

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18
Q

What are the Disruptive impulse control and conduct disorders 4

A

These are a group of disorders that include disorders where there is a lack o impulse control and conduct. These are conditions like kleptomaina,Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorders, ADHD

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19
Q

What are the neurocognitive disorders

A

These are the conditions that involve some sort of neurocognitive decline e.g. delirium and dementia

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20
Q

WHat are the main types of personality disorders

A
  1. Dependent
  2. Narcissistic
  3. Boarderline
  4. Paranoid
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21
Q

What are the paraphilic disorders

A

These are the disorders that contain recurrent urges of sexual behavior that are often distressing and can involve children, animals, inanimate objects and non consenting individuals

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22
Q

What are the medication induced movement disorders

A

There are movement related disorders that are caused by the medications that are used in psych

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23
Q

What are the 5 axis of the DSM 5

A

Axis 1: Mental health and substance use disorders
Axis 2: Personality and mental retardation
Axis 3: General medical conditions
Axis 4: These are the environmental and psychosocial issues
Axis 5: Overall functioning

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24
Q

What is the affect of a person

A

This is the externally observable features of a person’s emotions and feelings

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25
Q

What is meant by the range of affects

A

This is the wide range of things that a person can express on their face

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26
Q

What is the word used to describe normal people

A

Euthymic

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27
Q

What is meant by blunted affect

A

This is when there is hardly any emotional expression on the person’s face

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28
Q

What is a Labile affect

A

This is a person whos emotional state changes from happy to sad very rapidly

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29
Q

What are the 4 aspects under which thought can be assessed

A
  1. Rate and flow: This is how fast or slow the thoughts move through a patients mind
  2. Form: This refers to if the speech is clear and has a logical order with correct grammar
  3. Content: This involves what the person is thinking about
  4. Possession: This involves if the person feels in control of their own thoughts or can it be influence by others e.g. the patient can feel that others are reading their mind
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30
Q

What are some of the types of disturbances in form

A
  1. Tangentiality
  2. Neologism
  3. Perseveration
  4. Loosening of association
  5. Flight of ideas
  6. Clang of ideas
  7. Derailment
    Tangentiality: Responding to questions with unrelated or only loosely connected answers, never addressing the original point.
    Neologism: Creation of new, nonsensical words or phrases that hold meaning only to the speaker.
    Perseveration: Repetition of the same word, phrase, or idea despite a shift in the conversation or context.
    Loosening of Association: Disorganized thinking where ideas are disconnected or illogically related.
    Flight of Ideas: Rapid, continuous speech with abrupt changes in topic, often seen in mania.
    Clang Associations: Speech driven by rhyming or phonetic similarity rather than meaning.
    Derailment: Sudden shifts in conversation that completely stray from the intended topic, resulting in incoherence.
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31
Q

What is meant by tangentiality

A

This is where the answer to a question is completely off the point of the question

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32
Q

What is neologism

A

This is where the patient uses words that do not exist

33
Q

What is meant by preservation

A

This is where the patients answer to several different questions is the same answer

34
Q

What is meant by loosening of association

A

This is where there is no clear or logical association from one word to another in a sentence

35
Q

What is the definition of a delusion

A

This is a fixed false belief in the absence of proof

36
Q

How would you classify a delusion

A
  1. Is it simple or complex [Simple does not have much detail whereas complex is very detailed]
  2. Is it bizarre or non- bizarre [A bizarre delusion is within human reason and a non- bizarre is outside] e.g. someone in a squatter camp can not have lots of money and so non- bizarre
  3. Theme e.g. someone who thinks that they are rich has a grandiose delusion
37
Q

What is a hallucination

A

This is a sensory preconception that occurs in the absence of simulation and involves all 5 senses

38
Q

What is an illusion

A

This is a misconception about a real sensory input e.g. a coat in the dark is a person

39
Q

What is depersonalisation

A

This is where there is a detachment form ones real self

40
Q

What is derealisation

A

This is where things or people around you seem unreal

41
Q

What is the diagnosis here:
A patient says he hears the neighbors down the road speaking about him when he is in his bedroom. He believes that they are poisoning the drinking water destined for his ho

A

non bizarre delusions with a persecutory theme and auditory hallucination

42
Q

What is the diagnosis here:
A patient says she is the most beautiful women in Africa because aliens are directing special beauty energy to her via the planet Venus. She says she can smell the fragrance of roses whenever this happens which is four times a day

A

Bizarre delusions with a grandiose theme with olfactory hallucinations

43
Q

A patient says she has been feeling very sad and tearful for three months and her affect is also observed to be depressed. She often thinks that she will be better off if she were dead. There is no recent stressor or bereavement

A

Major depression

44
Q

What is meant by transference

A

This is the transfer of feelings about one person to another e.g. you project your feelings about someone onto other people

45
Q

What is countertransference

A

This is where the therapists project their own feelings or biases onto the patient e.g. a therapist with an alcoholic father might be more angry at an alcoholic patient

46
Q

What is the difference between psychoanalytic therapy and interpersonal therapy

A

Interpersonal therapy is a short term treatment model that focuses on patients that are depressed by focussing primarily on the previous and current relationships whereas psychoanalytic theory focuses on on past forces that dictate current emotion

47
Q

What is behavioral theropy

A

This is where there will be modification of a particular behaviour over time through exposure to the triggering item

48
Q

What is cognitive behavioral theory

A

This is theropy that targets specific patterns of negative thoughts about self and the world to alter unwanted patterns of behavior

49
Q

What is meant by group theropy

A

This is theropy that is done by several individuals that share a common problem

50
Q

How do antipsychotic drugs function

A

They act to block dopamine receptors in the brain

51
Q

What is the difference between the typical and the atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

The typical drugs block dopamine and the atypical drugs block both dopamine and seratonin

52
Q

What is the main side effect of typical and atypical antipsychotics

A
  1. Typical: These have severe symptoms related to movement disorders
  2. Atypical: These have metabolic side effects that cause weight gain
53
Q

What are mood stabilisers

A

Mood stabilisers are drugs that are used to treat both depressed and manic poles of the mood

54
Q

What are the 2 major classes of mood stabilisers

A

Lithium and anticonvulsant medications

55
Q

What is the problem that mood stabilisers can have in pregnancy

A

They are teratogenic

56
Q

How do antidepressants work

A

They act on preventing the monoamine uptake receptors for serotonin and noradrenaline

57
Q

What are the 4 classes of antidepressant

A
  1. Tricyclic antidepressants
  2. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  3. SSRI
  4. SNRI (Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)
58
Q

How do benzodiazepines work

A

They work by affecting GABA transmission. They cause sedation and work to decrease anxiety

59
Q

What is the common pathway that causes abuse of psychoactive substances in the brain

A

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway

60
Q

What are the stimulants in substance abuse

A

There are drugs that induce the feeling of euphoria e.g. Cocaine and amphetamines

61
Q

How do the stimulants work

A

They increase the central action of dopamine and both decrease and increase the central and peripheral action of noradrenaline

62
Q

WHat is a hallucinogen/empathogen/psychotomimetics

A

These are a range of drugs that cause hallucinations and increase interpersonal feelings e.g. LSD, Psilocybin, MMDA

63
Q

What is the mechanisms of hallucinogens

A

They mediate the central action via dopamine and noradrenaline

64
Q

What are sedative hypnotics

A

They bring about a calm feeling similar to benzos, these include drugs like Mandrax

65
Q

What are Hydrocarbons and volitile substances and how are they used

A

These are inhaled solvents like glue that cause giddy delirium

66
Q

What does Phencyclidine do to the body

A

Causes hallucinations and psychotic reaction

67
Q

What is the developmental approach to child psychology

A

This is were children are compared to those that are around them to see if their development is on par with everyone else

68
Q

What is meant by age appropriate methods in interviewing the child

A

This is where the interview is done in the presents of toys or while colouring to make the child feel comfortable

69
Q

What was the first typical antipsychotic that were discovered

A

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol and trifluoperazine

70
Q

What are the atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

Risperidone, Clozapine and Olanzepine

71
Q

What are the anticonvulsants that are used to stabilize mood

A

Carbamazepine, sodium Valproate and Lamotrigine

71
Q

What is the potenically life treating complication of Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

72
Q

What are 3 examples of tricyclic antidepressants

A

Amitryptiline, Imipramine and Clomipramin

73
Q

What is the compont that monoamine oxidase enzymes break down
And what is the side effect of having too much of it

A

Tyramine is a potent vasopressor and a hypertensive crisis could develop with the risk of a stroke if it accumulates in the blood

74
Q

What are some common SSRI

A

Fluoxetine[Prozac],Paroxetine, citalopram and sertraline

75
Q

What is an example of a SNRI

A

Venlafaxine

76
Q

What are 3 examples of benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam

77
Q

What examples of non benzodiazepine sedative drugs

A

Zolpidem and Zopiclone

Semester 6 (23 decks)

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